Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Changhua Christian Children's Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
Global Health Program, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
J Formos Med Assoc. 2022 Sep;121(9):1657-1667. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.11.004. Epub 2021 Nov 24.
The beneficial effects of urban open green space on residential health had few investigations in Taiwan.
A total of 40,375 participants older than 30-year-old attended the health screening program during 2007-2009 in the Metropolitan area in the New Taipei City. We defined urban open green spaces (UOGS) if land use belongs to parks, green, plaza, public schools and sport venues. Small public urban open space (SPUOS) is defined as UOGS with area less than 1 hector and with at least three of the followings: vegetations, sport facilities and benches. Greenness is defined as the mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Air quality was accessed by land use regression model. Logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratios of diseases for proximity to UOGS or greenness.
We found that CKD was significantly associated with proximity to SPUOS. No relationship was found between proximity to UOGS or NDVI and overweight or diabetes. The adjusted odds ratio of CKD comparing distance to SPUOS >200 m and ≤200 m was 1.144 (95% CI, 1.059-1.237). The effect of open space on CKD was similar if we incorporated public schools to SPUOS. Greenness was not associated with CKD. Subgroups analyses revealed the effect of SPUOS on CKD was more prominent in health residents, including in those who never smoke, no hypertension, no diabetes and no hypertriglyceridemia.
Proximity to SPUOS or schools is associated with lower risk of CKD for adults living in the Metropolitan area in New Taipei City.
城市开放绿地对居民健康的有益影响在台湾鲜有研究。
共有 40375 名 30 岁以上的参与者参加了 2007 年至 2009 年在新北市都会区进行的健康筛查计划。如果土地用途属于公园、绿地、广场、公立学校和体育场馆，则将其定义为城市开放绿地（UOGS）。小公共城市开放空间（SPUOS）定义为面积小于 1 公顷且至少具备以下三项设施的 UOGS：植被、运动设施和长凳。绿化程度定义为归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）的平均值。空气质量通过土地使用回归模型进行评估。使用逻辑回归模型计算疾病与接近 UOGS 或绿化之间的优势比。
我们发现 CKD 与接近 SPUOS 显著相关。但未发现接近 UOGS 或 NDVI 与超重或糖尿病之间存在关系。与距离 SPUOS >200m 和 ≤200m 相比，CKD 比较距离 SPUOS >200m 和 ≤200m 的调整后的优势比为 1.144（95%CI，1.059-1.237）。如果将公立学校纳入 SPUOS，开放空间对 CKD 的影响相似。绿化程度与 CKD 无关。亚组分析显示，SPUOS 对 CKD 的影响在健康居民中更为显著，包括从不吸烟、无高血压、无糖尿病和无高甘油三酯血症的居民。
居住在新北市都会区的成年人接近 SPUOS 或学校与 CKD 风险降低相关。
