Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
Department of Clinical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
Sex Med Rev. 2022 Apr;10(2):311-322. doi: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2021.10.001. Epub 2021 Nov 24.
Optimal male reproductive health is dependent upon critical mediators of cell-cell communication: exosomes or extracellular vesicles. These vesicles are nano-sized particles released into a variety of bodily fluids, such as blood and semen. Exosomes are highly stable and can carry genetic and other molecules, including DNA, RNA, and proteins, which provide information about their origin cells.
To identify exosomes as potential biomarkers or therapeutic mediators in male sexual and reproductive disorders like erectile dysfunction (ED), varicocele, and testicular injury.
A PubMed search was performed to highlight all articles available relating to exosomes and extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of different male sexual and reproductive disorders, and their importance in clinical use as both diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic mediators.
Various male reproductive system disorders, such as ED, varicocele, and testicular injury, are linked to increased or decreased levels of exosomes. Exosomes have a higher number of molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, which can give a more precise and comprehensive result when compared to other biomarkers. Exosomes can be considered as plausible diagnostic biomarkers for male sexual and reproductive diseases, with considerable advantages over other diagnostic procedures such as invasive tissue biopsy. Exosomes can carry cargo such certain drugs and therapeutic molecules making them a promising therapeutic approach. Several studies have begun to test treating various male sexual reproductive disorders with exosomes.
Exosomes deliver many components that can regulate gene expression and target signaling pathways. Understanding how extracellular vesicles can be utilized as biomarkers in diagnosing men, particularly those with idiopathic erectile dysfunction, will not only aid in diagnosis but also help with making therapeutic targets. Khodamoradi K, Golan R, Dullea A, et al. Exosomes as Potential Biomarkers for Erectile Dysfunction, Varicocele, and Testicular Injury. Sex Med Rev 2022;10:311-322.
男性生殖健康的最佳状态取决于细胞间通讯的关键介质：外泌体或细胞外囊泡。这些囊泡是纳米大小的颗粒，释放到各种体液中，如血液和精液。外泌体非常稳定，可以携带遗传和其他分子，包括 DNA、RNA 和蛋白质，这些分子提供了关于其起源细胞的信息。
鉴定外泌体作为男性性和生殖障碍（如勃起功能障碍、精索静脉曲张和睾丸损伤）的潜在生物标志物或治疗介质。
通过 PubMed 搜索，突出显示所有关于外泌体和细胞外囊泡在不同男性性和生殖障碍发病机制中的文章，以及它们作为诊断标记物和潜在治疗介质在临床应用中的重要性。
各种男性生殖系统疾病，如勃起功能障碍、精索静脉曲张和睾丸损伤，与外泌体水平的升高或降低有关。外泌体具有更多的分子，如 DNA、RNA 和蛋白质，与其他生物标志物相比，能提供更精确和全面的结果。外泌体可以被认为是男性性和生殖疾病的合理诊断生物标志物，与其他诊断程序（如侵入性组织活检）相比具有相当大的优势。外泌体可以携带特定的药物和治疗分子，使其成为一种有前途的治疗方法。一些研究已经开始尝试用外泌体治疗各种男性性生殖障碍。
外泌体传递许多可以调节基因表达和靶向信号通路的成分。了解外泌体如何作为男性，特别是特发性勃起功能障碍患者的诊断生物标志物，不仅有助于诊断，还可以帮助确定治疗靶点。Khodamoradi K、Golan R、Dullea A 等人。外泌体作为勃起功能障碍、精索静脉曲张和睾丸损伤的潜在生物标志物。性医学评论 2022;10:311-322。
