Gomez Suzanna Y, Patel Jay, Lopez Christopher A
Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, United States.
Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, United States.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2022 Feb;65:116-122. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.11.004. Epub 2021 Nov 25.
The enteric pathogen Clostridioides difficile overcomes barriers to colonization imposed by the microbiota and host immune response to induce disease. To navigate the dynamic gut environment, C. difficile must respond to dietary and host-mediated fluctuations in transition metal availability. Transition metals are required trace nutrients that foster inter-microbial competition when limited, inhibit bacterial growth through host sequestration, or induce toxicity in excess. This review highlights recent evidence that transition metals influence multiple stages of C. difficile colonization and that C. difficile initiates a coordinated response to maintain metal-dependent homeostasis. Further exploration of the mechanisms of C. difficile metal sensing and nutrient competition with the microbiota will be necessary for the therapeutic manipulation of the gut environment during C. difficile infection.
肠道病原体艰难梭菌克服了微生物群和宿主免疫反应对其定植造成的障碍，从而引发疾病。为了在动态的肠道环境中生存，艰难梭菌必须应对饮食和宿主介导的过渡金属可利用性的波动。过渡金属是必需的微量营养素，在有限时会促进微生物间的竞争，通过宿主螯合抑制细菌生长，或在过量时诱导毒性。本综述强调了最近的证据，即过渡金属影响艰难梭菌定植的多个阶段，并且艰难梭菌会启动协调反应以维持金属依赖性内稳态。在艰难梭菌感染期间对肠道环境进行治疗性调控时，有必要进一步探索艰难梭菌金属感应机制以及与微生物群的营养竞争机制。
