Bogaerts Katleen, Walentynowicz Marta, Van Den Houte Maaike, Constantinou Elena, Van den Bergh Omer
From the Rehabilitation Research Center (REVAL), Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences (Bogaerts, Van Den Houte), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek; Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences (Bogaerts, Van den Bergh), University of Leuven, Leuven; Clinical and Health Psychology (Walentynowicz), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve; Centre for the Psychology of Learning and Experimental Psychopathology (Walentynowicz) and Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies (LABGAS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Van Den Houte), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Department of Psychology (Constantinou), University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Psychosom Med. 2022;84(2):251-260. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000001038.
This study aimed to validate the Interoceptive Sensitivity and Attention Questionnaire (ISAQ), a 17-item self-report measure assessing sensitivity and attention to interoceptive signals.
In study 1, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed in a student convenience sample (n = 1868). In study 2, ISAQ data of a healthy sample (n = 144) and various patient groups experiencing stress-related syndromes (overstrain, n = 63; burnout, n = 37; panic disorder [PD]. n = 60) and/or persistent somatic symptoms in daily life (irritable bowel syndrome, n = 38; fibromyalgia and/or chronic fatigue syndrome, n = 151; medically unexplained dyspnea [MUD], n = 29) were compared.
Three subscales were revealed: (F1) sensitivity to neutral bodily sensations, (F2) attention to unpleasant bodily sensations, and (F3) difficulty disengaging from unpleasant bodily sensations. Overall, patients with fibromyalgia and/or chronic fatigue syndrome and patients with MUD scored significantly higher on F1 (p = .009 and p = .027, respectively) and F2 (p = .002 and p < .001, respectively) than healthy controls. Patients with PD had higher scores on subscales F2 (p < .001) and F3 (p < .001) compared with healthy controls, as well as higher scores on F2 compared with all other patient groups (pPD versus MUD = .008; all other p values < .001).
Interoceptive sensibility-the self-reported aspect of interoception-is not a homogeneous or unitary construct. The subscales of the ISAQ differentiate healthy controls from patients with persistent somatic and/or stress-related complaints in daily life and distinguish different patient groups. The ISAQ can be used as a concise, reliable, and clinically relevant research tool to further disentangle adaptive and maladaptive aspects of interoceptive ability.
本研究旨在验证内感受敏感性与注意力问卷（ISAQ），这是一项包含17个条目的自评量表，用于评估对内感受信号的敏感性和注意力。
在研究1中，对一个学生便利样本（n = 1868）进行探索性和验证性因素分析。在研究2中，比较了一个健康样本（n = 144）以及各种经历与压力相关综合征（过度劳累，n = 63；倦怠，n = 37；惊恐障碍[PD]，n = 60）和/或日常生活中持续性躯体症状（肠易激综合征，n = 38；纤维肌痛和/或慢性疲劳综合征，n = 151；医学上无法解释的呼吸困难[MUD]，n = 29）的患者组的ISAQ数据。
揭示了三个分量表：（F1）对中性身体感觉的敏感性，（F2）对不愉快身体感觉的注意力，以及（F3）难以从不愉快身体感觉中脱离。总体而言，纤维肌痛和/或慢性疲劳综合征患者以及MUD患者在F1（分别为p = 0.009和p = 0.027）和F2（分别为p = 0.002和p < 0.001）上的得分显著高于健康对照组。与健康对照组相比，PD患者在分量表F2（p < 0.001）和F3（p < 0.001）上得分更高，并且与所有其他患者组相比，在F2上得分也更高（PD与MUD比较，p = 0.008；所有其他p值 < 0.001）。
内感受敏感性——内感受的自评方面——不是一个同质或单一的结构。ISAQ的分量表区分了健康对照组与日常生活中患有持续性躯体和/或与压力相关主诉的患者，并区分了不同的患者组。ISAQ可作为一种简洁、可靠且与临床相关的研究工具，以进一步厘清内感受能力的适应性和适应不良方面。
