Okoroafor Obianuju Nkiruka, Ogunniran Temitope Mofoluso, Ikenna-Ezeh Nkechi Harriet, Udeani Ikechukwu John, Omeke Jacinta Ngozi, Ezema Wilfred Sunday, Anene Boniface
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
Vet World. 2021 Sep;14(9):2452-2461. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2452-2461. Epub 2021 Sep 21.
Newcastle disease (ND) is widely recognized as an extremely harmful and contagious disease of birds. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of oxidative stress induced by the virulent ND virus (NDV) (KUDU 113) on the plasma, brain, bursa of Fabricius, NDV antibody response, and hematology as well as the ameliorative effect of the individual or combined use of Vitamins E and C on the clinical signs of NDV-infected chickens.
In this study, a total of 150 broiler chickens were included and divided into five groups: Group 1, nonsupplemented and unchallenged chickens (UCC); Group 2, nonsupplemented and challenged chickens (ICC); Group 3, Vitamin C-supplemented + challenged chickens; Group 4, Vitamin E-supplemented + challenged chickens; and Group 5, Vitamins E and C-supplemented + challenged chickens. Groups 3, 4, and 5 were supplemented with Vitamins E and C (33 and 400 mg/kg/day, respectively). Virus challenge was done with 0.1 ml of KUDU 113 7 days after the start of vitamin inclusion in their diet. Concentrations of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were analyzed in the plasma, brain, and bursa on days 0, 3, and 7 post-infection (pi) using the biochemical method. The blood samples were randomly collected from five chickens in each group for antibody response and hematological analyses on day 0 previtamin treatment and at 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days pi (dpi).
A significant increase in the concentrations of MDA and NO in the NDV-challenged chickens was observed when compared with the UCCs. Moreover, a significant decrease in GSH concentration was observed in the NDV-challenged chickens when compared with the UCCs. The activities of CAT and SOD were reduced markedly in the NDV-challenged chickens. Increases in the mean antibody titers were observed in the NDV-challenged group when compared with the UCCs from days 3 to 21 pi. The mortality rates of groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were 0%, 30%, 3.3%, 3.3%, and 26.6%, respectively.
The findings of this study suggest that KUDU 113 causes oxidative stress in the brain and bursa of Fabricius of chickens. Individual supplementation with Vitamin E or C was found to be more effective in ameliorating oxidative stress, improving the immune response, and reducing mortality in KUDU 113 infections than the combined supplementation of Vitamins C and E.
新城疫（ND）被广泛认为是一种对禽类极具危害的传染性疾病。因此，本研究旨在评估强毒新城疫病毒（NDV）（库杜113株）诱导的氧化应激对血浆、脑、法氏囊、新城疫病毒抗体反应、血液学的影响，以及单独或联合使用维生素E和维生素C对新城疫病毒感染鸡临床症状的改善作用。
本研究共纳入150只肉鸡，分为五组：第1组，未补充维生素且未受攻毒的鸡（UCC）；第2组，未补充维生素且受攻毒的鸡（ICC）；第3组，补充维生素C + 受攻毒的鸡；第4组，补充维生素E + 受攻毒的鸡；第5组，补充维生素E和维生素C + 受攻毒的鸡。第3、4、5组分别补充维生素E和维生素C（分别为33和400毫克/千克/天）。在其日粮中开始添加维生素7天后，用0.1毫升库杜113株进行病毒攻毒。采用生化方法在感染后（pi）第0、3和7天分析血浆、脑和法氏囊中谷胱甘肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）、一氧化氮（NO）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的浓度。在维生素处理前第0天以及感染后0、3、7、10、14和21天（dpi），从每组随机采集五只鸡的血样进行抗体反应和血液学分析。
与未受攻毒鸡相比，受新城疫病毒攻毒的鸡中MDA和NO浓度显著升高。此外，与未受攻毒鸡相比，受新城疫病毒攻毒的鸡中GSH浓度显著降低。受新城疫病毒攻毒的鸡中CAT和SOD的活性明显降低。与未受攻毒鸡相比，受新城疫病毒攻毒组在感染后第3至21天平均抗体滴度升高。第1、2、3、4和5组的死亡率分别为0%、30%、3.3%、3.3%和26.6%。
本研究结果表明，库杜113株可导致鸡的脑和法氏囊发生氧化应激。发现单独补充维生素E或维生素C在改善氧化应激、提高免疫反应以及降低库杜113株感染的死亡率方面比联合补充维生素C和维生素E更有效。
