School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2023;63(21):4916-4941. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2009761. Epub 2021 Nov 29.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 28 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the efficacy of flavonoids intake on key biomarkers related to Type 2 diabetes mellitus was conducted. The mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was pooled using a random-effects model. Significant reduction in fasting glucose (MD: -0.22, 95% CI: -0.34 to -0.09, = 0.0013), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (MD: -0.26, 95% CI: -0.46 to -0.05, = 0.021), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (MD: -0.40, 95% CI: -0.66 to -0.15, = 0.0039), triglyceride (TG) (MD: -0.13, 95% CI: -0.21 to -0.05, = 0.002), total cholesterol (TC) (MD: -0.14, 95% CI: -0.21 to -0.08, = 0.0002), and low density lipoprotein-C (LDL-C) (MD: -0.15; 95% CI: -0.24 to -0.07, = 0.0009) were observed in intervention group compare to placebo at the end of trial. Moreover, flavonoid intake had negative but non-significant effect on insulin (MD: -0.46), 2 h-postprandial glucose (2 h-PPG) (MD: -0.22), homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) (MD: -2.81), and insignificantly increased high-density lipoprotein-C (HDL-C) (MD: 0.03). In conclusion, flavonoid intake has modest but statistically significant benefits in glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism, especially for significantly lowing fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, TG, TC, and LDL-C.
系统评价和荟萃分析了 28 项随机对照试验（RCT），以评估黄酮类化合物摄入对 2 型糖尿病相关关键生物标志物的疗效。使用随机效应模型汇总均值差（MD）及其 95%置信区间（95%CI）。结果显示，干预组的空腹血糖（MD：-0.22，95%CI：-0.34 至-0.09， = 0.0013）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）（MD：-0.26，95%CI：-0.46 至-0.05， = 0.021）、胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）（MD：-0.40，95%CI：-0.66 至-0.15， = 0.0039）、三酰甘油（TG）（MD：-0.13，95%CI：-0.21 至-0.05， = 0.002）、总胆固醇（TC）（MD：-0.14，95%CI：-0.21 至-0.08， = 0.0002）和低密度脂蛋白-C（LDL-C）（MD：-0.15；95%CI：-0.24 至-0.07， = 0.0009）在试验结束时均显著低于安慰剂组。此外，黄酮类化合物摄入对胰岛素（MD：-0.46）、餐后 2 小时血糖（2 h-PPG）（MD：-0.22）、β细胞功能稳态模型评估（HOMA-β）（MD：-2.81）有负向但无统计学意义的影响，并且对高密度脂蛋白-C（HDL-C）（MD：0.03）有轻微升高作用。总之，黄酮类化合物摄入对葡萄糖代谢、胰岛素敏感性和脂代谢有适度但有统计学意义的益处，特别是显著降低空腹血糖、HOMA-IR、HbA1c、TG、TC 和 LDL-C。
