School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, Hubei, China.
Sci Rep. 2021 Nov 29;11(1):23075. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02578-4.
Hypertension is the leading single contributor to all-cause death and disability worldwide. However, there is scarce evidence on the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension for Chinese youth. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypertension among Chinese college freshmen and to identify the influencing factors. We conducted a cross-sectional study of all freshmen from 2015 to 2017 at a university in Wuhan, China by physical examination and standard-structured questionnaire. The Pearson chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. Forward stepwise logistic regression method was used in the multivariate analysis to identify independent predictors of hypertension in youth. A total of 12,849 participants were included, and the prevalence of hypertension of Chinese college freshmen was 4.3% (7.9% in men and 1.6% in women). Men had a higher risk of hypertension than women (odds ratio [OR]: 5.358, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.345-6.607, P < 0.001). Obese people were more likely to develop hypertension than those with normal body mass index (OR: 10.465, 95% CI: 8.448-12.964, P < 0.001). People with elevated resting heart rate (RHR) had a higher prevalence of hypertension (OR: 4.987, 95% CI: 3.641-6.832, P < 0.001). Staying up late (OR: 2.957, 95% CI: 2.482-3.523, P < 0.001), physical inactivity (OR: 4.973, 95% CI: 4.141-5.972, P < 0.001), living in urban district (OR: 1.864, 95% CI: 1.493-2.329, P < 0.001) and family history of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (OR: 2.685, 95% CI: 2.108-3.421, P < 0.001) were related to higher prevalence of hypertension in youth. Male, obesity, elevated RHR, physical inactivity and family history of CVDs were identified as important risk factors of hypertension in youth. These risk factors should be given more attention when designing and implementing the interventional programs.
高血压是全球全因死亡和残疾的主要单一因素。然而，关于中国青年高血压的患病率和危险因素的证据很少。本研究旨在调查中国大学新生高血压的患病率，并确定影响因素。我们通过体格检查和标准结构问卷对 2015 年至 2017 年期间武汉一所大学的所有新生进行了横断面研究。卡方检验用于比较分类变量。多变量分析采用逐步向前逻辑回归方法确定青年高血压的独立预测因素。共纳入 12849 名参与者，中国大学新生高血压患病率为 4.3%（男性 7.9%，女性 1.6%）。男性患高血压的风险高于女性（比值比[OR]：5.358，95%置信区间[CI]：4.345-6.607，P<0.001）。肥胖者比体重正常者更容易患高血压（OR：10.465，95%CI：8.448-12.964，P<0.001）。静息心率（RHR）升高者高血压患病率较高（OR：4.987，95%CI：3.641-6.832，P<0.001）。熬夜（OR：2.957，95%CI：2.482-3.523，P<0.001）、缺乏体力活动（OR：4.973，95%CI：4.141-5.972，P<0.001）、居住在城区（OR：1.864，95%CI：1.493-2.329，P<0.001）和心血管疾病（CVD）家族史（OR：2.685，95%CI：2.108-3.421，P<0.001）与青年高血压患病率较高相关。男性、肥胖、RHR 升高、缺乏体力活动和 CVD 家族史是青年高血压的重要危险因素。在设计和实施干预计划时，应更加关注这些危险因素。
