Applied Mathematics, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Columbus State University, Columbus, GA 31907, USA.
J R Soc Interface. 2021 Dec;18(185):20210497. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0497. Epub 2021 Dec 1.
Bioelectronic devices can provide an interface for feedback control of biological processes in real-time based on sensor information tracking biological response. The main control challenges are guaranteeing system convergence in the presence of saturating inputs into the bioelectronic device and complexities from indirect control of biological systems. In this paper, we first derive a saturated-based robust sliding mode control design for a partially unknown nonlinear system with disturbance. Next, we develop a data informed model of a bioelectronic device for simulations. Our controller is then applied to the model to demonstrate controlled pH of a target area. A modular control architecture is chosen to interface the bioelectronic device and controller with a bistable phenomenological model of wound healing to demonstrate closed-loop biological treatment. External pH is regulated by the bioelectronic device to accelerate wound healing, while avoiding chronic inflammation. Our novel control algorithm for bioelectronic devices is robust and requires minimum information about the device for broad applicability. The control architecture makes it adaptable to any biological system and can be used to enhance automation in bioengineering to improve treatments and patient outcomes.
生物电子设备可以提供一个接口，根据传感器信息实时跟踪生物反应，对生物过程进行反馈控制。主要的控制挑战是保证系统在生物电子设备输入饱和以及生物系统间接控制的复杂性的情况下收敛。在本文中，我们首先针对具有干扰的部分未知非线性系统，推导出一种基于饱和的鲁棒滑模控制设计。接下来，我们为生物电子设备开发了一个数据驱动的模型，用于模拟。然后，我们将控制器应用于该模型，以演示目标区域的 pH 值控制。选择模块化控制架构将生物电子设备和控制器与伤口愈合的双稳现象模型接口，以演示闭环生物治疗。通过生物电子设备来调节外部 pH 值，以加速伤口愈合，同时避免慢性炎症。我们的新型生物电子设备控制算法具有鲁棒性，并且只需要关于设备的最少信息即可广泛应用。该控制架构使其适应任何生物系统，并可用于增强生物工程中的自动化程度，以改善治疗效果和患者预后。
