Makangara John J, Mulima Elias Z
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 338, Dodoma, Tanzania.
Government Chemist Laboratory Authority, 05 Barack Obama Drive, P.O. Box 164, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Forensic Sci Int Synerg. 2021 Nov 18;3:100209. doi: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2021.100209. eCollection 2021.
This study aimed at investigating the pattern of confiscated illegal drugs in the Tanzania mainland drug market from 2011 to 2016. The samples used in this study were seized by the police force and other law enforcement agents and were analysed at the Government Chemist Laboratory Authority, GCLA. A total of 90,366 samples weighing 17961.5 Kg were seized and analysed during the six years, an average of 15,061 samples corresponding to 2993.6 Kg per year. The overall results indicated cannabis to be the leading drug in terms of number of cases, number of samples and weights with 51.02%, 60.50% and 56.90%, respectively, but from 2011 to 2015 heroin had the highest percentage of both number of cases and samples by 58.46% and 55.91% of all seizures, respectively followed by cannabis. In terms of weight, heroin accounted for 67.55% and 26.32% in 2011 and 2012, respectively, whereas, the rest of the years' percentage weights were between 0.50 and 6.00% of the total seizures. The trend indicated a steady decrease in heroin seizures over the six years and an increased cannabis seizure. In 2016 cannabis was 78.28% and 80.89% of the total number of cases and samples, respectively. The results also indicated the decrease of cocaine cases and a significant increase in the amount khat. The year 2016 recorded the highest number of cases and number of samples with a total of 1212 and 48,440, respectively, which resulted from the increase in cannabis seizures by 72.28% and 80.89% of the total number of cases and samples, respectively, as compared to 2015. The second and third highest years were 2013 and 2014, respectively. The least was 2011 with 3493 samples. The trend also indicated heroin seizures were highest in 2011 (62.04%), 2014 (75.31%) and 2015 (79.26%) whereas cocaine seizures kept on decreasing gradually from 31.12% in 2011 to 0.05% in 2016. Khat () had the highest weight in 2014 and 2016 and ranked second after cannabis with 43.63% of the total weight during 2011-2016 period. Benzodiazepines and amphetamine type stimulants (ATS) accounted the least in terms of number of cases and number of samples.
本研究旨在调查2011年至2016年坦桑尼亚大陆毒品市场没收的非法药物模式。本研究中使用的样本由警方和其他执法机构查获，并在政府化学分析实验室管理局（GCLA）进行分析。在这六年中，共查获并分析了90366个样本，重量为17961.5千克，平均每年15061个样本，对应2993.6千克。总体结果表明，就案件数量、样本数量和重量而言，大麻是主要毒品，分别占51.02%、60.50%和56.90%，但在2011年至2015年期间，海洛因在案件数量和样本数量方面的百分比最高，分别占所有查获量的58.46%和55.91%，其次是大麻。在重量方面，海洛因在2011年和2012年分别占67.55%和26.32%，而其余年份的重量百分比在总查获量的0.50%至6.00%之间。趋势表明，六年中海洛因查获量稳步下降，大麻查获量增加。2016年，大麻分别占案件总数和样本总数的78.28%和80.89%。结果还表明可卡因案件减少，恰特草数量大幅增加。2016年案件数量和样本数量最多，分别为1212起和48440个，这是由于大麻查获量分别比2015年增加了72.28%和80.89%。第二和第三高的年份分别是2013年和2014年。最少的是2011年，有3493个样本。趋势还表明，海洛因查获量在2011年（62.04%）、2014年（75.31%）和2015年（79.26%）最高，而可卡因查获量从2011年的31.12%逐渐下降到2016年的0.05%。恰特草在2014年和2016年重量最高，在2011 - 2016年期间占总重量的43.63%，仅次于大麻。苯二氮卓类药物和苯丙胺类兴奋剂（ATS）在案件数量和样本数量方面占比最少。
