Wels Jacques, Hamarat Natasia
MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
METICES Centre & Centre de Droit Public, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Eur J Public Health. 2022 Feb 1;32(1):80-86. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab204.
The first wave of COVID-19 has had a massive impact on work arrangements settings in many European countries with potential effects on health that are likely to vary across gender.
Focusing on the workforce aged 50 and over in 27 European countries using data from SHARE wave 8 (N = 11,221), the study applies a generalized logit mixed-effects model to assess the relationship between negative and positive change in self-reported health since the start of the pandemic and change in employment settings using an interaction effect between gender and employment arrangements to distinguish their specific association by gender after controlling for socio-economic covariates and multicollinearity.
Female respondents have higher probabilities to declare a positive health when working fully or partially from home or when temporarily and permanently unemployed. However, introducing the main effect of gender exacerbates discrepancies and such benefits fade away. Differences across countries do not significantly change the estimates.
The benefits of work arrangements to improve women's health during the first wave of COVID-19 have not compensated the negative effect of gender discrepancies exacerbated by the pandemic to the extent that employment arrangements have no role, or just a negative impact, in modulating them.
新冠疫情的第一波冲击对许多欧洲国家的工作安排环境产生了巨大影响，其对健康的潜在影响可能因性别而异。
该研究以27个欧洲国家50岁及以上劳动力为研究对象，使用来自SHARE第8轮调查的数据（N = 11221），应用广义logit混合效应模型，在控制社会经济协变量和多重共线性后，通过性别与就业安排的交互效应来区分性别之间的特定关联，以评估自疫情开始以来自我报告健康状况的负面和正面变化与就业环境变化之间的关系。
女性受访者在完全或部分在家工作、临时或长期失业时，宣称健康状况良好的可能性更高。然而，引入性别的主要影响会加剧差异，且这些益处会消失。各国之间的差异并未显著改变估计结果。
在新冠疫情第一波期间，工作安排对改善女性健康的益处并未抵消疫情加剧的性别差异的负面影响，以至于就业安排在调节这些差异方面没有作用，或者只有负面影响。
