The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
J Nutr. 2022 Mar 3;152(3):816-825. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab403.
Maternal nutritional status affects placental function, which may underlie the intrauterine origins of obesity and diabetes. The extent to which diet quality is associated with placental signaling and which specific pathways are impacted is unknown.
To examine sex-specific associations of maternal diet quality according to the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-developed to align with recommendations from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans-with placental proteins involved in metabolism and mediators of environmental stress, inflammation, and growth factors.
Among 108 women from the Healthy Start cohort with a mean ± SD age of 29.0 ± 6.1 y and a prepregnancy BMI (in kg/m2) of 24.8 ± 5.3, we conducted multivariable linear regression analysis stratified by offspring sex. We adjusted for maternal race or ethnicity, age, education, prenatal smoking habits, and physical activity and tested for an association of maternal HEI >57 compared with ≤57 and the abundance and phosphorylation of key proteins involved in insulin/growth factor signaling; mediators of environmental stress, inflammation, and growth factors; mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling proteins; and energy sensing in placental villus samples. HEI >57 was chosen given its prior relevance among Healthy Start mother-child dyads.
In adjusted models, HEI >57 was associated with greater abundance of insulin receptor β (0.80; 95% CI: 0.11, 1.49) in placentas of females. In males, maternal HEI >57 was associated with greater activation and abundance of select placental nutrient-sensing proteins and environmental stress, inflammation, and growth factor proteins (S6K1Thr389/S6K1: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.21, 1.41; JNK1Thr183/Tyr185/JNK1: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.27, 1.37; JNK2Thr183/Tyr185/JNK2: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.02, 1.11).
Higher-quality diet had sex-specific associations with placental protein abundance/phosphorylation. Given that these proteins have been correlated with neonatal anthropometry, our findings provide insight into modifiable factors and placental pathways that should be examined in future studies as potential links between maternal diet and offspring metabolic health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02273297.
母体营养状况会影响胎盘功能，这可能是肥胖和糖尿病宫内起源的基础。饮食质量与胎盘信号之间的关联程度以及受影响的具体途径尚不清楚。
根据《美国人膳食指南》制定的健康饮食指数（HEI），研究母体饮食质量与参与代谢和环境应激、炎症及生长因子中介物的胎盘蛋白之间的性别特异性关联。
在健康开端队列中，108 名女性的平均年龄为 29.0±6.1 岁，孕前 BMI（kg/m2）为 24.8±5.3，我们进行了多变量线性回归分析，分析结果按后代性别分层。我们调整了母亲的种族或民族、年龄、教育程度、产前吸烟习惯和身体活动，并检测了母体 HEI＞57 与≤57 之间的关联，以及与胰岛素/生长因子信号、环境应激、炎症和生长因子中介物、雷帕霉素信号蛋白的机械靶点以及胎盘绒毛样本中能量感应相关的关键蛋白的丰度和磷酸化。选择 HEI＞57 是因为其与健康开端母婴对子有关联。
在调整后的模型中，HEI＞57 与女性胎盘胰岛素受体β（IRβ）丰度增加有关（0.80；95%CI：0.11，1.49）。在男性中，母体 HEI＞57 与特定胎盘营养感应蛋白和环境应激、炎症和生长因子蛋白的激活和丰度增加有关（S6K1Thr389/S6K1：0.81；95%CI：0.21，1.41；JNK1Thr183/Tyr185/JNK1：0.82；95%CI：0.27，1.37；JNK2Thr183/Tyr185/JNK2：0.57；95%CI：0.02，1.11）。
更高质量的饮食与胎盘蛋白丰度/磷酸化具有性别特异性关联。鉴于这些蛋白质与新生儿人体测量学有关，我们的研究结果提供了一些见解，即饮食是一种可改变的因素，饮食和胎盘途径可以作为母体饮食和后代代谢健康之间潜在联系的潜在环节，在未来的研究中需要进一步探讨。本试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 注册为 NCT02273297。
