Ahmed Ammar, Azam Ali, Wang Yanen, Zhang Zutao, Li Ning, Jia Changyuan, Mushtaq Ray Tahir, Rehman Mudassar, Gueye Thierno, Shahid Muhammad Bilal, Wajid Basit Ali
Department of Industry Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China.
Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Nano Converg. 2021 Dec 1;8(1):37. doi: 10.1186/s40580-021-00289-0.
Additively manufactured nano-MEH systems are widely used to harvest energy from renewable and sustainable energy sources such as wind, ocean, sunlight, raindrops, and ambient vibrations. A comprehensive study focusing on in-depth technology evolution, applications, problems, and future trends of specifically 3D printed nano-MEH systems with an energy point of view is rarely conducted. Therefore, this paper looks into the state-of-the-art technologies, energy harvesting sources/methods, performance, implementations, emerging applications, potential challenges, and future perspectives of additively manufactured nano-mechanical energy harvesting (3DP-NMEH) systems. The prevailing challenges concerning renewable energy harvesting capacities, optimal energy scavenging, power management, material functionalization, sustainable prototyping strategies, new materials, commercialization, and hybridization are discussed. A novel solution is proposed for renewable energy generation and medicinal purposes based on the sustainable utilization of recyclable municipal and medical waste generated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, recommendations for future research are presented concerning the cutting-edge issues hurdling the optimal exploitation of renewable energy resources through NMEHs. China and the USA are the most significant leading forces in enhancing 3DP-NMEH technology, with more than 75% contributions collectively. The reported output energy capacities of additively manufactured nano-MEH systems were 0.5-32 mW, 0.0002-45.6 mW, and 0.3-4.67 mW for electromagnetic, piezoelectric, and triboelectric nanogenerators, respectively. The optimal strategies and techniques to enhance these energy capacities are compiled in this paper.
增材制造的纳米机械能采集（MEH）系统被广泛用于从可再生和可持续能源中获取能量，如风能、海洋能、太阳能、雨滴能和环境振动能。很少有从能量角度对特定的3D打印纳米MEH系统进行深入技术演进、应用、问题及未来趋势的全面研究。因此，本文探讨了增材制造的纳米机械能采集（3DP-NMEH）系统的先进技术、能量采集源/方法、性能、实现方式、新兴应用、潜在挑战和未来前景。讨论了在可再生能源采集能力、最优能量 scavenging、功率管理、材料功能化、可持续原型制作策略、新材料、商业化和杂交方面存在的主要挑战。基于对COVID-19大流行期间产生的可回收城市和医疗废物的可持续利用，提出了一种用于可再生能源发电和医疗目的的新颖解决方案。最后，针对阻碍通过NMEHs最优开发可再生能源资源的前沿问题，提出了未来研究的建议。中国和美国是提升3DP-NMEH技术的最重要主导力量，共同贡献超过75%。增材制造纳米MEH系统报告的输出能量容量，电磁纳米发电机为0.5-32 mW，压电纳米发电机为0.0002-45.6 mW，摩擦电纳米发电机为0.3-4.67 mW。本文汇总了提高这些能量容量的最优策略和技术。
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