Nam Jisoo, Kim Miso
Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
Nano Converg. 2024 Nov 4;11(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s40580-024-00452-3.
Digital light processing (DLP) is a projection-based vat photopolymerization 3D printing technique that attracts increasing attention due to its high resolution and accuracy. The projection-based layer-by-layer deposition in DLP uses precise light control to cure photopolymer resin quickly, providing a smooth surface finish due to the uniform layer curing process. Additionally, the extensive material selection in DLP 3D printing, notably including existing photopolymerizable materials, presents a significant advantage compared with other 3D printing techniques with limited material choices. Studies in DLP can be categorized into two main domains: material-level and system-level innovation. Regarding material-level innovations, the development of photocurable resins with tailored rheological, photocuring, mechanical, and functional properties is crucial for expanding the application prospects of DLP technology. In this review, we comprehensively review the state-of-the-art advancements in DLP 3D printing, focusing on material innovations centered on functional materials, particularly various smart materials for 4D printing, in addition to piezoelectric ceramics and their composites with their applications in DLP. Additionally, we discuss the development of recyclable DLP resins to promote sustainable manufacturing practices. The state-of-the-art system-level innovations are also delineated, including recent progress in multi-materials DLP, grayscale DLP, AI-assisted DLP, and other related developments. We also highlight the current challenges and propose potential directions for future development. Exciting areas such as the creation of photocurable materials with stimuli-responsive functionality, ceramic DLP, recyclable DLP, and AI-enhanced DLP are still in their nascent stages. By exploring concepts like AI-assisted DLP recycling technology, the integration of these aspects can unlock significant opportunities for applications driven by DLP technology. Through this review, we aim to stimulate further interest and encourage active collaborations in advancing DLP resin materials and systems, fostering innovations in this dynamic field.
数字光处理（DLP）是一种基于投影的光固化3D打印技术，因其高分辨率和高精度而受到越来越多的关注。DLP中基于投影的逐层沉积使用精确的光控制来快速固化光聚合物树脂，由于层固化过程均匀，可提供光滑的表面光洁度。此外，DLP 3D打印中广泛的材料选择，特别是包括现有的可光聚合材料，与其他材料选择有限的3D打印技术相比具有显著优势。DLP的研究可分为两个主要领域：材料层面和系统层面的创新。关于材料层面的创新，开发具有定制流变学、光固化、机械和功能特性的光固化树脂对于扩大DLP技术的应用前景至关重要。在本综述中，我们全面回顾了DLP 3D打印的最新进展，重点关注以功能材料为中心的材料创新，特别是用于4D打印的各种智能材料，以及压电陶瓷及其复合材料在DLP中的应用。此外，我们还讨论了可回收DLP树脂的发展，以促进可持续制造实践。还阐述了最新的系统层面创新，包括多材料DLP、灰度DLP、人工智能辅助DLP等方面的最新进展以及其他相关发展。我们还强调了当前的挑战，并提出了未来发展的潜在方向。诸如具有刺激响应功能的光固化材料、陶瓷DLP、可回收DLP和人工智能增强DLP等令人兴奋的领域仍处于起步阶段。通过探索人工智能辅助DLP回收技术等概念，这些方面的整合可以为DLP技术驱动的应用带来重大机遇。通过本综述，我们旨在激发进一步的兴趣，并鼓励在推进DLP树脂材料和系统方面积极合作，促进这一充满活力的领域的创新。
