Hosoya Ken-Ichi, Akanuma Shin-Ichi, Kubo Yoshiyuki
Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama.
Yakugaku Zasshi. 2021;141(12):1319-1325. doi: 10.1248/yakushi.21-00158-2.
Since the retina continuously receives light to enable vision, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are easily generated in neural retina. The oxidative stress induced by ROS may be involved in the onset and progression of blinding aging diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. Although supply of antioxidants to the retina is important to maintain the redox homeostasis in neural retina, the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) is created by complex tight-junctions of retinal capillary endothelial cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells to prevent the free diffusion of substances. The BRB is equipped with several membrane transporters to supply nutrients and essential molecules including antioxidants and drugs which exhibit antiaging effect to the retina from the circulating blood. In this review, the transporter-mediated retinal distribution of key endogenous compounds and drugs, such as vitamin C, l-cystine and gabapentin, is introduced for antiaging of the retina.
由于视网膜持续接收光线以实现视觉功能，活性氧（ROS）很容易在神经视网膜中产生。ROS诱导的氧化应激可能参与致盲性衰老疾病如年龄相关性黄斑变性、糖尿病视网膜病变和青光眼的发生和发展。尽管向视网膜提供抗氧化剂对于维持神经视网膜中的氧化还原稳态很重要，但血视网膜屏障（BRB）由视网膜毛细血管内皮细胞和视网膜色素上皮细胞复杂的紧密连接构成，以阻止物质的自由扩散。BRB配备有多种膜转运蛋白，用于从循环血液中向视网膜供应营养物质和必需分子，包括抗氧化剂和具有抗衰老作用的药物。在这篇综述中，介绍了关键内源性化合物和药物（如维生素C、L-胱氨酸和加巴喷丁）通过转运蛋白介导的视网膜分布，以实现视网膜的抗衰老作用。
