Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy (InCHIP), University of Connecticut.
Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Program, Yale School of Medicine.
Health Psychol. 2022 Feb;41(2):115-120. doi: 10.1037/hea0001120. Epub 2021 Dec 2.
Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a promising avenue for arresting the COVID-19 pandemic, yet suboptimal rates of vaccine uptake in at-risk groups may hinder efficacy and worsen existing health disparities. People with opioid use disorder (OUD) are likely to face increased vulnerability to COVID-19 due to a confluence of biological and social risk factors. We sought to assess factors associated with willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 in people with OUD.
Phone surveys were conducted from May to October 2020 with participants enrolled in an urban methadone maintenance program (MMP). Participants were adults who met criteria for OUD and reported injection drug use or sexual risk behavior. Participants were asked about their willingness to receive a highly or partially effective vaccine. Provider trust was assessed using the Trust in Physician scale. Multinomial regression was used to assess demographic and psychosocial factors related to vaccination willingness.
We surveyed 109 people with OUD enrolled in a MMP ( = 47 years; 56% women; 59% White, 23% Black/African American, 14.4% Hispanic/Latinx; 1.8% other). Participants who identified as Black or African American were significantly less likely to endorse willingness to use a partially effective COVID-19 vaccine (adjusted odds ratio [] = .10; 95% confidence interval (CI) [.02, .61], p = .012), although not necessarily less willing to receive a highly effective vaccine ( = .40; 95% CI [.09, 1.73], = .219; .). Trust in physician was positively associated with willingness to use a partially effective vaccine ( = 1.12; 95% CI [1.02, 1.23], = .017), but was not significantly associated with willingness to receive a highly effective vaccine ( = 1.07; 95% CI [.98, 1.16], = .162, ) Conclusions: Proactive outreach from trustworthy sources will be needed to counter vaccine hesitancy in people with OUD, especially among Black Americans with OUD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
接种 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫苗是遏制 COVID-19 大流行的有希望的途径，但高危人群疫苗接种率不理想可能会影响疗效并加剧现有的健康差距。患有阿片类药物使用障碍（OUD）的人由于生物和社会风险因素的综合作用，可能更容易受到 COVID-19 的影响。我们试图评估与 OUD 患者接种 COVID-19 疫苗意愿相关的因素。
2020 年 5 月至 10 月，我们对参加城市美沙酮维持治疗计划（MMP）的成年人进行了电话调查。参与者符合 OUD 标准，并报告了注射毒品或性风险行为。参与者被问及他们对接受高或部分有效的疫苗的意愿。使用医生信任量表评估信任度。使用多项逻辑回归评估与接种意愿相关的人口统计学和心理社会因素。
我们调查了参加 MMP 的 109 名 OUD 患者（平均年龄 47 岁；56%为女性；59%为白人，23%为黑人/非裔美国人，14.4%为西班牙裔/拉丁裔；1.8%为其他）。自认为是黑人或非裔美国人的参与者不太愿意使用部分有效的 COVID-19 疫苗（调整后的优势比 [] =.10；95%置信区间 [.02，.61]，p =.012），尽管他们不一定不愿意接受高度有效的疫苗（ =.40；95%置信区间 [.09，1.73]， =.219；.）。对医生的信任与使用部分有效的疫苗的意愿呈正相关（ = 1.12；95%置信区间 [.10，1.23]， =.017），但与接受高度有效的疫苗的意愿无显著相关性（ = 1.07；95%置信区间 [.98，1.16]， =.162， ）结论：需要由可信赖的来源主动提供信息，以克服 OUD 患者的疫苗犹豫情绪，尤其是在有 OUD 的非裔美国人中。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2022 APA，保留所有权利）。
