Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
Addiction Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2022 Sep;41(6):1311-1318. doi: 10.1111/dar.13502. Epub 2022 Jun 6.
People with substance use disorders are considered a priority group for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination as they are at elevated risk of COVID-19 and its severe complications. However, data are scarce about vaccination coverage in a real-world setting.
A descriptive study was conducted in people with opioid use disorder (OUD) from three public centres for outpatient drug addiction treatment in Barcelona, Spain, who received brief medical advice and were referred to vaccination clinic sites.
Three hundred and sixty-two individuals were included: 277 (77%) were men with a mean age of 48.1 ± 8.9 years and 77% were Spanish. Most (90%) participants engaged in polysubstance use and all individuals were on opioid agonist therapy. Psychiatric comorbidity was present in 56% subjects and 32% individuals had ≥1 chronic disease, 30% had HIV and 13% hepatitis C. There were 258 fully vaccinated individuals (71%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 67, 76). Age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04; 95% CI 1.01, 1.08; P < 0.01) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.11, 2.5; P < 0.01) were associated with full vaccination. The vaccination hesitancy causes cited were complacency (53, 51%), convenience (40, 39%) and confidence (11, 10%).
More than two-thirds of our sample of people with OUD were fully vaccinated. Complacency and convenience represented a significant barrier to complete vaccination among people with OUD on opioid agonist therapy referred to vaccination clinic sites. Additional measures are necessary to increase vaccination, especially for younger individuals and those with less medical comorbidity. Integrating vaccination services in drug outpatient centres could be a useful alternative.
患有物质使用障碍的人被视为 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种的优先群体，因为他们感染 COVID-19 及其严重并发症的风险较高。然而，关于真实环境中疫苗接种覆盖率的数据很少。
在西班牙巴塞罗那的三个公共门诊药物成瘾治疗中心，对患有阿片类药物使用障碍（OUD）的人群进行了一项描述性研究，他们接受了简短的医学咨询，并被转介到疫苗接种诊所。
共纳入 362 人：277 人（77%）为男性，平均年龄为 48.1±8.9 岁，77%为西班牙人。大多数（90%）参与者存在多物质使用，所有个体均接受阿片类激动剂治疗。56%的患者存在精神共病，32%的患者有≥1 种慢性疾病，30%的患者感染 HIV，13%的患者感染丙型肝炎。有 258 人完全接种疫苗（71%；95%置信区间[CI] 67，76）。年龄（比值比[OR] 1.04；95%CI 1.01，1.08；P<0.01）和 Charlson 合并症指数（OR 1.67；95%CI 1.11，2.5；P<0.01）与完全接种疫苗相关。引用的疫苗犹豫原因包括自满（53，51%）、方便（40，39%）和信心（11，10%）。
我们的 OUD 样本中，超过三分之二的人已完全接种疫苗。在被转介到疫苗接种诊所的接受阿片类激动剂治疗的 OUD 患者中，自满和方便是完全接种疫苗的显著障碍。需要采取额外措施来提高疫苗接种率，尤其是针对年轻个体和合并症较少的个体。将疫苗接种服务整合到药物门诊中心可能是一种有用的替代方案。
