Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Vet Pathol. 2022 Mar;59(2):186-210. doi: 10.1177/03009858211052659. Epub 2021 Dec 2.
The bacterium () is widely distributed in the environment as a saprophyte, but may turn into a lethal intracellular pathogen upon ingestion. Invasive infections occur in numerous species worldwide, but most commonly in humans and farmed ruminants, and manifest as distinct forms. Of those, neuroinfection is remarkably threatening due to its high mortality. is widely studied not only as a pathogen but also as an essential model for intracellular infections and host-pathogen interactions. Many aspects of its ecology and pathogenesis, however, remain unclear and are rarely addressed in its natural hosts. This review highlights the heterogeneity and adaptability of by summarizing its association with the environment, farm animals, and disease. It also provides current knowledge on key features of the pathology and (molecular) pathogenesis of various listeriosis forms in naturally susceptible species with a special focus on ruminants and on the neuroinvasive form of the disease. Moreover, knowledge gaps on pathomechanisms of listerial infections and relevant unexplored topics in pathogenesis research are highlighted.
细菌()广泛存在于环境中，作为一种腐生菌，但在摄入后可能会变成致命的细胞内病原体。在世界范围内的许多物种中都发生了侵袭性感染，但最常见于人类和养殖反刍动物，并表现出不同的形式。其中，神经感染由于其高死亡率而极具威胁性。()不仅被广泛研究为一种病原体，还被用作细胞内感染和宿主-病原体相互作用的重要模型。然而，其生态学和发病机制的许多方面仍然不清楚，在其自然宿主中很少涉及。通过总结其与环境、农场动物和疾病的关系，本综述强调了()的异质性和适应性。它还提供了有关各种自然易感物种中李斯特菌病不同形式的病理学和（分子）发病机制的最新知识，特别关注反刍动物和疾病的神经侵袭形式。此外，还强调了李斯特菌感染的发病机制知识空白和李斯特菌发病机制研究中未涉及的相关主题。
