Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 330 Talim St, 12231-280 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
Technological Institute of Aeronautics (ITA), 50 Mal. Eduardo Gomes Plaza, 12228-900 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2021 Dec;131:112453. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112453. Epub 2021 Sep 25.
In this work, β-TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate) bioresorbable scaffolds were prepared by the gel casting method. Then, they were impregnated with a 45S5 bioglass sol gel solution to improve biocompatibility and promote bioactivity and antimicrobial activity. The β-TCP scaffolds had an apparent porosity of 72%, and after the incorporation of the bioglass, this porosity was maintained. The elements of the bioglass were incorporated into β-TCP matrix and there was a partial transformation from the β-TCP phase to the α-TCP (α-tricalcium phosphate) phase, besides the formation of bioactive calcium and sodium‑calcium silicates. The scaffolds β-TCP with 45S5 bioglass incorporated (β-TCP/45S5) did not show a reduction in their values of mechanical strength and Weibull modulus, despite the partial transformation to the α-TCP phase. Bioactivity, cell viability, and antimicrobial activity improved significantly for the β-TCP/45S5 scaffold comparing to the scaffold without the bioglass. The mineralization of carbonated hydroxyapatite was verified in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). The cell viability, evaluated by the reduction of 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide - MTT in MG63 cells, increased by 178%, and β-TCP/45S5 scaffold also enhanced cell activity and osteoblast differentiation observed by means of total protein contend and alkaline phosphatase activity, respectively. The formation of growth inhibition zones was also observed in the disk diffusion assay for three tested microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. To conclude, the vacuum impregnation method in 45S5 bioglass sol gel solution was effective in penetrating all the interconnected macroporosity of the scaffolds and covering the surface of the struts, which improved their biological properties in vitro, bioactivity and antibacterial activity, without reducing mechanical strength and porosity values. Thus, the β-TCP/45S5 scaffolds are shown as potential candidates for use in tissue engineering, mainly in bone tissue regeneration and recovery.
在这项工作中，β-TCP（β-磷酸三钙）生物可吸收支架通过凝胶浇铸法制备。然后，将其浸渍在 45S5 生物玻璃溶胶凝胶溶液中，以提高生物相容性并促进生物活性和抗菌活性。β-TCP 支架具有明显的 72%孔隙率，加入生物玻璃后，这种孔隙率得以维持。生物玻璃的元素被掺入β-TCP 基质中，除了形成生物活性钙和钙钠硅酸盐外，β-TCP 相也部分转化为α-TCP（α-磷酸三钙）相。掺入 45S5 生物玻璃的β-TCP 支架（β-TCP/45S5）的机械强度和威布尔模数值没有降低，尽管部分转化为α-TCP 相。与不含生物玻璃的支架相比，β-TCP/45S5 支架的生物活性、细胞活力和抗菌活性显著提高。在模拟体液（SBF）中验证了碳酸羟基磷灰石的矿化。通过在 MG63 细胞中还原 3-[4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基]-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴化物-MTT 来评估细胞活力，细胞活力增加了 178%，并且β-TCP/45S5 支架还通过总蛋白含量和碱性磷酸酶活性分别增强了细胞活性和成骨细胞分化。在三种测试微生物：金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌的圆盘扩散试验中也观察到抑菌环的形成。总之，真空浸渍法在 45S5 生物玻璃溶胶凝胶溶液中有效渗透了支架的所有互联大孔，并覆盖了支柱的表面，从而提高了其体外生物性能、生物活性和抗菌活性，同时不降低机械强度和孔隙率值。因此，β-TCP/45S5 支架有望成为组织工程的候选材料，主要用于骨组织再生和修复。
