Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; Laboratory of Chemical Sensors, Chemistry Department, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034, Russia.
Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
Talanta. 2022 Mar 1;239:122903. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122903. Epub 2021 Sep 23.
Heavy metal pollution has severe threats to the ecological environment and human health. Thus, it is urgent to achieve the rapid, selective, sensitive and portable detection of heavy metal ions. To overcome the defects of traditional methods such as time-consuming, low sensitivity, high cost and complicated operation, QDs (Quantum dots)-based nanomaterials have been used in sensors to significantly improve the sensing performance. Due to their excellent physicochemical properties, high specific surface area, high adsorption and reactive capacity, nanomaterials could act as potential probes or offer enhanced sensitivity and create a promising nanosensors platform. In this review, the rapidly advancing types of QDs for heavy metal ions detection are first summarized. Modified with ligands, nanomaterials, or biomaterials, QDs are assembled on sensors by the interaction of electrostatic adsorption, chemical bonding, steric hindrance, and base-pairing. The stability of QDs-based nanosensors is improved by doping the elements to QDs, providing the reference substance, optimizing the assemble strategies and so on. Then, according to transducer principles, the two most typical sensor categories based on QDs: optical and electrochemical sensors are highlighted to be discussed. In the meanwhile, portable devices combining with QDs to adapt the practical detection in complex situations are summarized. The deficiencies and future challenges of QDs in toxicity, specificity, portability, multi-metal co-detection and degradation during the detection are also pointed out. In the end, the development trends of QDs-based nanosensors for heavy metal ions detection are discussed. This review presents an overall understanding, recent advances, current challenges and future outlook of QDs-based nanosensors for heavy metal detection.
重金属污染对生态环境和人体健康造成严重威胁。因此，迫切需要实现重金属离子的快速、选择性、灵敏和便携检测。为了克服传统方法耗时、灵敏度低、成本高和操作复杂等缺陷，基于量子点（Quantum dots）的纳米材料已被用于传感器中，显著提高了传感性能。由于其优异的物理化学性质、高比表面积、高吸附和反应能力，纳米材料可以作为潜在的探针，提供增强的灵敏度，并创造有前途的纳米传感器平台。在这篇综述中，首先总结了用于重金属离子检测的快速发展的量子点类型。通过静电吸附、化学键合、空间位阻和碱基配对等相互作用，用配体、纳米材料或生物材料对量子点进行修饰，然后将量子点组装在传感器上。通过向量子点中掺杂元素、提供参比物质、优化组装策略等方式，提高了基于量子点的纳米传感器的稳定性。然后，根据换能器原理，重点突出了基于量子点的两种最典型的传感器类别：光学和电化学传感器进行讨论。同时，总结了结合量子点以适应复杂情况下实际检测的便携式设备。还指出了量子点在毒性、特异性、便携性、多金属协同检测和检测过程中降解方面的缺陷和未来挑战。最后，讨论了基于量子点的纳米传感器用于重金属离子检测的发展趋势。本综述提供了对基于量子点的纳米传感器用于重金属检测的全面理解、最新进展、当前挑战和未来展望。
