School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
Biosensors (Basel). 2022 Nov 30;12(12):1096. doi: 10.3390/bios12121096.
Heavy metal ions (HMIs) pose a serious threat to the environment and human body because they are toxic and non-biodegradable and widely exist in environmental ecosystems. It is necessary to develop a rapid, sensitive and convenient method for HMIs detection to provide a strong guarantee for ecology and human health. Ion-imprinted electrochemical sensors (IIECSs) based on nanomaterials have been regarded as an excellent technology because of the good selectivity, the advantages of fast detection speed, low cost, and portability. Electrode surfaces modified with nanomaterials can obtain excellent nano-effects, such as size effect, macroscopic quantum tunneling effect and surface effect, which greatly improve its surface area and conductivity, so as to improve the detection sensitivity and reduce the detection limit of the sensor. Hence, the present review focused on the fundamentals and the synthetic strategies of ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) and IIECSs for HMIs detection, as well as the applications of various nanomaterials as modifiers and sensitizers in the construction of HMIIECSs and the influence on the sensing performance of the fabricated sensors. Finally, the potential challenges and outlook on the future development of the HMIIECSs technology were also highlighted. By means of the points presented in this review, we hope to provide some help in further developing the preparation methods of high-performance HMIIECSs and expanding their potential applications.
重金属离子（HMIs）因其毒性和不可生物降解性以及广泛存在于环境生态系统中，对环境和人体构成了严重威胁。有必要开发一种快速、灵敏、方便的 HMIs 检测方法，为生态和人类健康提供有力保障。基于纳米材料的印迹电化学传感器（IIECSs）由于具有良好的选择性、快速检测速度、低成本和便携性等优点，被认为是一种优异的技术。用纳米材料修饰电极表面可以获得优异的纳米效应，如尺寸效应、宏观量子隧道效应和表面效应，从而大大提高其表面积和导电性，从而提高传感器的检测灵敏度并降低检测限。因此，本综述重点介绍了用于 HMIs 检测的离子印迹聚合物（IIPs）和 IIECSs 的基本原理和合成策略，以及各种纳米材料作为修饰剂和敏化剂在 HMIIECSs 构建中的应用及其对所制备传感器传感性能的影响。最后，还强调了 HMIIECSs 技术未来发展的潜在挑战和展望。通过本文介绍的要点，我们希望为进一步开发高性能 HMIIECSs 的制备方法和拓展其潜在应用提供一些帮助。
