Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
J Autism Dev Disord. 2023 Apr;53(4):1305-1318. doi: 10.1007/s10803-021-05385-y. Epub 2021 Dec 2.
Discernment of possible sex-based variations in presentations of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms is limited by smaller female samples with ASD and confounds with ASD ascertainment. A large national cohort of individuals with autism, SPARK, allowed parent report data to be leveraged to examine whether intrinsic child characteristics and extrinsic factors differentially impact males and females with ASD. Small but consistent sex differences in individuals with ASD emerged related to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, with different markers for males and females. Language concerns in males may make discernment of ASD more straightforward, while early motor concerns in females may hamper diagnosis as such delays are not identified within traditional ASD diagnostic criteria.
对自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）症状表现中可能存在的性别差异的识别受到限制，因为 ASD 女性样本较小，并且与 ASD 的确定存在混淆。SPARK 是一个大型的自闭症个体全国队列，允许利用家长报告数据来研究内在儿童特征和外在因素是否会对 ASD 男性和女性产生不同的影响。研究结果表明，ASD 个体存在小而一致的性别差异，与内在和外在因素有关，男性和女性的标志物也不同。男性的语言问题可能使 ASD 的识别更加简单，而女性的早期运动问题可能会阻碍诊断，因为传统的 ASD 诊断标准中没有发现这些延迟。
