Lockwood Estrin Georgia, Milner Victoria, Spain Debbie, Happé Francesca, Colvert Emma
Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, WC1E 7HX London, UK.
Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, SE5 8AF London, UK.
Rev J Autism Dev Disord. 2021;8(4):454-470. doi: 10.1007/s40489-020-00225-8. Epub 2020 Oct 29.
There is increased recognition that women and girls with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are underserved by the clinical criteria and processes required to receive a diagnosis. This mixed-methods systematic review aimed to identify key barriers to obtaining an ASD diagnosis in girls and young women under 21 years. Six themes were identified that focused on perceived gendered symptoms, namely behavioural problems, social and communication abilities, language, relationships, additional diagnoses/difficulties and restricted and repetitive behaviours and interests. Five themes were identified as (parental) perceived barriers to diagnosis, namely compensatory behaviours, parental concerns, others' perceptions, lack of information/resources and clinician bias. This review highlights the importance of enhancing widespread understanding and recognition of ASD presentation in females across development. PROSPERO Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (ID 2018 CRD42018087235).
The online version of this article (10.1007/s40489-020-00225-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
人们越来越认识到，患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的女性和女孩在获得诊断所需的临床标准和流程方面未得到充分服务。这项混合方法的系统评价旨在确定21岁以下女孩和年轻女性获得ASD诊断的关键障碍。确定了六个主题，重点关注感知到的性别化症状，即行为问题、社交和沟通能力、语言、人际关系、额外诊断/困难以及受限和重复行为及兴趣。确定了五个主题为（父母）感知到的诊断障碍，即代偿行为、父母担忧、他人看法、信息/资源缺乏以及临床医生偏见。本评价强调了增强对女性在整个发育过程中ASD表现的广泛理解和认识的重要性。PROSPERO系统评价与传播中心（编号2018 CRD42018087235）。
本文的在线版本（10.1007/s40489-020-00225-8）包含补充材料，授权用户可获取。
