Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Universitetstunet 3, 1433, Ås, Norway.
Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Universitetstunet 3, 1433, Ås, Norway.
Acta Vet Scand. 2021 Dec 4;63(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s13028-021-00618-7.
Pasture management influences the prevalence and impact of the pasture parasites (PP) in cattle herds, which cause production-limiting disease worldwide. Evaluating farmer management strategies is vital when considering sustainable PP control practices. The aim of this questionnaire-based study was to describe the pasture management and control strategies regarding PP in Norwegian beef cattle (BC) and dairy cattle (DC) production systems with a focus on gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) and Fasciola hepatica.
A total of 745 responses from BC (return rate 20.5%) and 1347 responses from DC farmers (30.7%) were included. The mean total pasture time for DC was 4.2 months for first-season grazers and 4.3 months for second-season grazers and cows, while the corresponding finding in BC was 5.4 months. Home pasture was used for most of the pasture period, particularly for first-season grazer dairy heifers (81%), which were also commonly grazed on the same pasture every year (79%). For most farmers it was necessary for grazing areas to be used for cattle for more than one season (77% of BC farmers and 89% of DC farmers). However, changing the pasture during the season was common in both DC (67%) and BC (70%) herds. The majority of DC farmers (60%) stated that they did not consider that they had a problem with PP. Of the remaining 40%, few respondents could specify whether their herds had a problem due to infection by GIN (11%) or liver flukes (12%). Treatment for GIN was performed by 52% of DC and 34% of BC farmers. Diagnostic faecal samples were collected upon suspicion of parasitic disease by 5% of DC and 16% of BC farmers. Veterinarians were stated as a central source of information about parasite management and treatment.
Potential risks for exposure to PP were identified, such as use of the same pasture every year for first-season grazers and frequent use of home pasture. The perception of problems related to PP appeared low. Regular anthelmintic treatment without concurrent use of diagnostic faecal samples seems to be common practice.
牧场管理会影响牛群中牧场寄生虫（PP）的流行和影响，这些寄生虫在全球范围内导致了生产受限的疾病。评估农民的管理策略对于考虑可持续的 PP 控制实践至关重要。本基于问卷调查的研究旨在描述挪威肉牛（BC）和奶牛（DC）生产系统中针对 PP 的牧场管理和控制策略，重点关注胃肠道线虫（GIN）和肝片吸虫。
共收到 BC 农民的 745 份回复（回复率为 20.5%）和 DC 农民的 1347 份回复（30.7%）。DC 的第一茬放牧牛的总牧场时间平均为 4.2 个月，第二茬放牧牛和奶牛的总牧场时间平均为 4.3 个月，而 BC 的相应数据为 5.4 个月。家庭牧场在大部分牧场期间被使用，特别是第一茬放牧奶牛后备牛（81%），这些牛也通常每年在同一牧场上放牧（79%）。对于大多数农民来说，牧场区域需要用于牛群超过一个季节（77%的 BC 农民和 89%的 DC 农民）。然而，在 DC（67%）和 BC（70%）牛群中，在季节内更换牧场是很常见的。大多数 DC 农民（60%）表示他们认为自己没有 PP 问题。其余 40%的农民中，很少有农民能够确定他们的牛群是否因 GIN（11%）或肝吸虫（12%）感染而存在问题。52%的 DC 农民和 34%的 BC 农民对 GIN 进行了治疗。5%的 DC 农民和 16%的 BC 农民在怀疑寄生虫病时采集了粪便诊断样本。兽医被认为是寄生虫管理和治疗的主要信息来源。
确定了与 PP 相关的潜在风险，例如第一茬放牧牛每年在同一牧场上放牧和经常使用家庭牧场。对 PP 相关问题的认知似乎较低。定期使用驱虫剂而不同时使用粪便诊断样本似乎是常见做法。
