Bioprocesses and sustainable products laboratory. Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810. Lorena, SP, Brazil.
Laboratório de Materiales, Universidad Católica de Santa María - UCSM. Urb. San José, San José s/n, Yanahuara, Arequipa, Perú.
Bioresour Technol. 2022 Feb;345:126477. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126477. Epub 2021 Dec 2.
The use of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) as feedstock has received increasing attention as an alternative to fossil-based refineries. Initial steps such as pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis are essential to breakdown the complex structure of LCB to make the sugar molecules available to obtain bioproducts by fermentation. However, these steps increase the cost of the bioproduct and often reduces its competitiveness against synthetic products. Currently, the use of surfactants has shown considerable potential to enhance lignocellulosic biomass processing. This review addresses the main mechanisms and role of surfactants as key molecules in various steps of biorefinery processes, viz., increasing the removal of lignin and hemicellulose during the pretreatments, increasing enzymatic stability and enhancing the accessibility of enzymes to the polymeric fractions, and improving the downstream process during fermentation. Further, technical advances, challenges in application of surfactants, and future perspectives to augment the production of several high value-added bioproducts have been discussed.
木质纤维素生物质（LCB）作为饲料越来越受到关注，它是替代基于化石的炼油厂的一种选择。预处理和酶解等初始步骤对于打破 LCB 的复杂结构至关重要，使糖分子可通过发酵获得生物制品。然而，这些步骤增加了生物制品的成本，并且常常降低了其与合成产品的竞争力。目前，表面活性剂的使用已显示出在木质纤维素生物质加工方面的巨大潜力。本综述讨论了表面活性剂作为关键分子在生物炼制过程的各个步骤中的主要机制和作用，即增加预处理过程中木质素和半纤维素的去除，提高酶的稳定性和增强酶对聚合物部分的可及性，以及在发酵过程中改善下游工艺。此外，还讨论了技术进展、表面活性剂应用中的挑战以及未来的展望，以增加几种高附加值生物制品的生产。
