Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States.
Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2022 Feb;72:61-68. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.10.007. Epub 2021 Dec 1.
Epithelial morphogenesis is guided by mechanical forces and biochemical signals that vary spatiotemporally. As many morphogenetic events are driven by rapid cellular processes, understanding morphogenesis requires monitoring development in real time. Here, we discuss how live-imaging approaches can help identify morphogenetic mechanisms otherwise missed in static snapshots of development. We begin with a summary of live-imaging strategies, including recent advances that push the limits of spatiotemporal resolution and specimen size. We then describe recent efforts that employ live imaging to uncover morphogenetic mechanisms. We conclude by discussing how information collected from live imaging can be enhanced by genetically encoded biosensors and spatiotemporal perturbation techniques to determine the dynamics of patterning of developmental signals and their importance for guiding morphogenesis.
上皮形态发生由时空变化的机械力和生化信号指导。由于许多形态发生事件是由快速的细胞过程驱动的，因此要理解形态发生，就需要实时监测发育。在这里，我们讨论了活体成像方法如何帮助识别在发育的静态快照中错过的形态发生机制。我们首先总结了活体成像策略，包括最近在时空分辨率和标本大小方面取得的突破。然后，我们描述了最近利用活体成像来揭示形态发生机制的努力。最后，我们讨论了如何通过遗传编码的生物传感器和时空扰动技术来增强从活体成像中收集的信息，以确定发育信号的模式形成动力学及其对指导形态发生的重要性。
