School of Global Health Management and Informatics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
School of Public Administration, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
Health Place. 2022 Jan;73:102724. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102724. Epub 2021 Dec 2.
We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.
我们使用了来自脆弱家庭和儿童福利研究的数据，该研究包括了最近一次（2014 年至 2017 年期间）在美国主要来自低收入城市家庭的年龄在 15 岁的青少年样本，以研究邻里贫困的进入和退出与青少年抑郁和焦虑之间的关系。此外，我们还研究了这些关联是否因性别而异。一直生活在贫困社区的青少年抑郁和焦虑程度最高。那些进入贫困社区的青少年比那些从未生活在贫困社区的青少年更加抑郁。那些离开贫困社区的青少年与那些从未生活在贫困社区的青少年相比，在抑郁和焦虑方面没有显著差异。此外，这些关联仅适用于少女，对男孩来说并不具有统计学意义。研究结果表明，邻里贫困对青少年心理健康具有累积的负面影响，并且不成比例地影响少女。减少邻里贫困将极大地改善青少年，尤其是少女的健康状况，从而减少健康差距。
