Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Korean J Intern Med. 2022 Mar;37(2):425-433. doi: 10.3904/kjim.2020.576. Epub 2021 Dec 7.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The prevalence of simple renal cysts increases with age; however, they are occasionally found in adults aged < 40 years. This cross-sectional study evaluated the clinical significance of simple cysts in young adults, focusing on their associations with hematuria and albuminuria.
Adults aged < 40 years who underwent comprehensive medical examination between January 2005 and December 2013 were included. Simple renal cysts were identified by ultrasonography.
Renal cysts were found in 276 of the 5,832 subjects (4.7%). Subjects with medullary sponge kidney (n = 1) or polycystic kidney disease (n = 5) were excluded. A single cyst and multiple cysts were found in 234 (4.0%) and 42 (0.7%) subjects, respectively. Age, high systolic blood pressure, and history of hypertension were independent risk factors for the presence of simple cysts. Simple cysts were not associated with an increased prevalence of hematuria. However, subjects with cysts showed a higher prevalence of albuminuria than those without (11.3% vs. 4.5%, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the existence of simple renal cysts was associated with a 2.30-fold increased prevalence of albuminuria (95% confidence interval, 1.512 to 3.519; p < 0.001) independent of other risk factors.
In young adults, the presence of simple renal cysts was independently associated with an increased prevalence of albuminuria. The causal relationship needs to be elucidated in further studies.
背景/目的：单纯性肾囊肿的患病率随年龄增长而增加，但在<40 岁的成年人中偶尔也会发现。本横断面研究评估了年轻成年人单纯性囊肿的临床意义，重点关注其与血尿和蛋白尿的关系。
纳入 2005 年 1 月至 2013 年 12 月期间接受全面体检的<40 岁成年人。通过超声检查发现单纯性肾囊肿。
在 5832 名受试者中，有 276 名（4.7%）发现肾囊肿。排除了海绵肾（n=1）或多囊肾病（n=5）患者。234 名（4.0%）和 42 名（0.7%）受试者分别发现单个囊肿和多个囊肿。年龄、高血压和高血压病史是单纯性囊肿存在的独立危险因素。单纯性囊肿与血尿的患病率增加无关。然而，与无囊肿的受试者相比，有囊肿的受试者蛋白尿的患病率更高（11.3%比 4.5%，p<0.001）。多变量分析显示，单纯性肾囊肿的存在与蛋白尿患病率增加 2.30 倍相关（95%置信区间，1.512 至 3.519；p<0.001），独立于其他危险因素。
在年轻成年人中，单纯性肾囊肿的存在与蛋白尿患病率增加独立相关。在进一步的研究中需要阐明因果关系。
