Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health of China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47100. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047100. Epub 2012 Oct 9.
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased and will continue to rise worldwide. However, data regarding the prevalence of CKD in a rural area of China are limited. We therefore investigated the prevalence and associated risk factors of impaired renal function and urinary abnormalities in an adult rural population in southern China.
Between December 2006 and January 2007, residents older than 20 years from four villages in Zhuhai city were randomly selected using a stratified, multistage sampling technique. All participants were interviewed and tested for hematuria, albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The associations between age, gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperuricemia, education level and indicators of renal damage were examined.
Overall, 1,214 subjects were enrolled in this study. After adjustment for age and gender, the prevalence of albuminuria was 7.1% (95% CI: 4.5, 8.1), reduced eGFR was 2.6% (95% CI: 1.7%, 3.3%), and hematuria was 4.6% (95% CI: 3.3%, 6.0%). Approximately 13.6% (95% CI: 12.0%, 15.1%) of the patients had at least one indicator of renal damage, but only 8.3% were previously aware. Age, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperuricemia, use of nephrotoxic medications, coronary heart disease and history of CKD were independently associated with impaired renal function and urinary abnormalities. Additionally, age, diabetes, and hypertension were independently associated with albuminuria. Age, hypertension, hyperuricemia, central obesity, and coronary heart disease were independently associated with reduced renal function.
The high prevalence and low awareness of impaired renal function and urinary abnormalities in this population illustrates the urgent need to implement a CKD prevention program in the rural areas of southern China.
慢性肾脏病（CKD）的患病率在全球范围内不断增加，并且还将继续上升。然而，有关中国农村地区 CKD 患病率的数据有限。因此，我们调查了中国南方一个农村地区成年人肾功能受损和尿液异常的患病率及其相关危险因素。
2006 年 12 月至 2007 年 1 月，采用分层多阶段抽样技术，随机选择珠海市四个村庄年龄大于 20 岁的居民。所有参与者均接受血尿、蛋白尿和估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）检测，并进行了访谈。检查了年龄、性别、糖尿病、高血压、高尿酸血症、教育水平与肾脏损害指标之间的关系。
共有 1214 名受试者纳入本研究。经年龄和性别调整后，白蛋白尿的患病率为 7.1%（95%CI：4.5%，8.1%），估算肾小球滤过率降低的患病率为 2.6%（95%CI：1.7%，3.3%），血尿的患病率为 4.6%（95%CI：3.3%，6.0%）。约 13.6%（95%CI：12.0%，15.1%）的患者至少有一项肾脏损害指标，但只有 8.3%的患者之前知晓。年龄、糖尿病、高脂血症、高血压、高尿酸血症、使用肾毒性药物、冠心病和 CKD 病史与肾功能受损和尿液异常独立相关。此外，年龄、糖尿病与高血压与白蛋白尿独立相关。年龄、高血压、高尿酸血症、中心性肥胖和冠心病与肾功能降低独立相关。
该人群肾功能受损和尿液异常的高患病率和低知晓率表明，迫切需要在中国南方农村地区实施 CKD 预防计划。
