Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Cardiology Division, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy.
Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2021 Nov 22;17:729-738. doi: 10.2147/VHRM.S242636. eCollection 2021.
The cardiovascular risk assessment must be carried out during all the different phases of life because the cardiovascular risk and the related prevention actions are dynamic and constantly evolving. As patients age, they change their exposure to various risk factors and accumulate comorbidities by changing their subjective cardiovascular risk, so it is necessary to undertake personalized early and preventive diagnostic actions. The main approach to asymptomatic vascular disease is based on primary prevention with the adoption of a healthy lifestyle. Indeed, lifestyle influences most of the traditional risk factors. In recent years, important differences between the sexes regarding cardiovascular risk factors have emerged and in particular, risk factors specific for female sex have been identified. Women are more likely to be categorized into lower risk categories for cardiovascular disease and, as a result, receive less lifestyle counseling than men, as well as less intensive prevention. This narrative review aims to analyze CVD risk prevention in asymptomatic atherosclerosis with a look at new emerging factors. In the end, we quickly analyzed the effects of the recent pandemic on lifestyle and cardiovascular risk and the potential negative effects in the long term.
心血管风险评估必须在生命的各个不同阶段进行，因为心血管风险和相关的预防措施是动态的，并且在不断发展。随着患者年龄的增长，他们通过改变主观心血管风险，改变了对各种风险因素的暴露，并积累了合并症，因此有必要采取个性化的早期预防诊断措施。无症状血管疾病的主要方法基于采用健康生活方式的一级预防。事实上，生活方式影响着大多数传统的风险因素。近年来，心血管危险因素方面男女之间出现了重要差异，特别是确定了特定于女性的危险因素。女性更有可能被归类为心血管疾病的低风险类别，因此，与男性相比，女性接受的生活方式咨询较少，预防措施也不够密集。本叙述性综述旨在分析无症状动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的预防，并关注新出现的因素。最后，我们简要分析了最近大流行对生活方式和心血管风险的影响，以及长期可能产生的负面影响。
