Hayashi Takashi
Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.
Front Mol Neurosci. 2021 Nov 15;14:796912. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.796912. eCollection 2021.
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain and various modifications have been established in the glutamatergic synapses. Generally, many neuronal receptors and ion channels are regulated by -palmitoylation, a reversible post-translational protein modification. Genome sequence databases show the evolutionary acquisition and conservation concerning vertebrate-specific palmitoylation of synaptic proteins including glutamate receptors. Moreover, palmitoylation of some glutamate receptor-binding proteins is subsequently acquired only in some mammalian lineages. Recent progress in genome studies has revealed that some palmitoylation-catalyzing enzymes are the causative genes of neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, I will summarize the evolutionary development of palmitoylation-dependent regulation of glutamatergic synapses and their dysfunctions which are caused by the disruption of palmitoylation mechanism.
谷氨酸是脊椎动物大脑中主要的兴奋性神经递质，并且在谷氨酸能突触中已经建立了各种修饰。一般来说，许多神经元受体和离子通道受棕榈酰化调节，这是一种可逆的翻译后蛋白质修饰。基因组序列数据库显示了与包括谷氨酸受体在内的突触蛋白的脊椎动物特异性棕榈酰化有关的进化获得和保守性。此外，一些谷氨酸受体结合蛋白的棕榈酰化仅在某些哺乳动物谱系中随后获得。基因组研究的最新进展表明，一些催化棕榈酰化的酶是神经精神疾病的致病基因。在这篇综述中，我将总结棕榈酰化依赖性调节谷氨酸能突触的进化发展及其由棕榈酰化机制破坏引起的功能障碍。
