Degner Juliane, Floether Joelle-Cathrin, Essien Iniobong
Department of Psychology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Department of Social and Organisational Psychology of Social Work, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2021 Nov 18;12:750606. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.750606. eCollection 2021.
Recent research on group attitudes in members of disadvantaged groups has provided evidence that group evaluations closely align with societal stigma, reflecting outgroup favoritism in members of those groups that are most strongly stigmatized. While outgroup favoritism is clearly evident among some groups, there is still debate about the psychological mechanisms underlying outgroup favoritism. The current research focuses on a less intensively examined aspect of outgroup favoritism, namely the use of status-legitimizing group stereotypes. We present data from members of four disadvantaged groups (i.e., persons who self-categorize as gay or lesbian, = 205; Black or African American, = 209; overweight = 200, or are aged 60-75 years = 205), who reported the perceived status of their ingroup and a comparison majority outgroup and provided explanations for their status perceptions. Contrary to assumptions from System Justification Theory, participants rarely explained perceived group status differences with group stereotypes, whereas they frequently explained ingroup disadvantage with perceived stigmatization and/or systemic reasons. Further exploratory analyses indicated that participants' status explanations were related to measures of intergroup attitudes, ideological beliefs, stigma consciousness, and experienced discrimination. Our results highlight the need to develop a better understanding whether, under what circumstances, and with which consequences members of disadvantaged groups use group stereotypes as attributions of ingroup status and status differences.
最近对弱势群体成员群体态度的研究表明，群体评价与社会污名紧密相关，这反映出在那些受到强烈污名化的群体成员中存在外群体偏好。虽然外群体偏好在一些群体中明显存在，但对于其背后的心理机制仍存在争议。当前的研究聚焦于外群体偏好中一个较少被深入研究的方面，即使用使地位合法化的群体刻板印象。我们展示了来自四个弱势群体成员的数据（即自我认定为同性恋者的人，n = 205；黑人或非裔美国人，n = 209；超重者，n = 200，或60 - 75岁的人，n = 205），他们报告了对内群体和一个作为比较对象的多数外群体的感知地位，并对其地位认知给出了解释。与系统正当性理论的假设相反，参与者很少用群体刻板印象来解释感知到的群体地位差异，而他们经常用感知到的污名化和/或系统性原因来解释内群体的劣势。进一步的探索性分析表明，参与者的地位解释与群体间态度、意识形态信念、污名意识和经历的歧视的测量有关。我们的结果凸显了有必要更好地理解弱势群体成员在何种情况下、出于何种后果会使用群体刻板印象来归因内群体地位和地位差异。
