Owuamalam Chuma Kevin, Rubin Mark, Spears Russell
Division of Organizational and Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia.
Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom.
Front Psychol. 2022 May 26;13:797139. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.797139. eCollection 2022.
Why do voters seek to change the political landscape or to retain it? System justification theory (SJT) proposes that a separate system motive to the existing order drives support for the status-quo, and that this motivation operates independently from personal and collective interests. But how does this explanation apply to recent populist shifts in the political order such as Brexit and the emergence of Donald Trump? While the system motive may seem useful in understanding why the usual progressives (Remain/Clinton voters) may want to stick with an established order, it seems insufficient to explain why the more conservative voters (Brexit/Trump voters) would want to upend the establishment. Thus, we compared SJT's system motive explanation for the system attitudes of voters on both sides of the political divide to an alternative explanation drawn from the newer social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA). According to SIMSA, the difficulty in explaining the system attitudes of Brexit/Trump and Remain/Clinton voters from SJT's system motive standpoint can be resolved by focusing instead on the that both camps seek to satisfy with their votes. We examined these explanations in two studies conducted soon after Brexit ( = 313) and Trump's election ( = 289) in 2016, with results providing more support for SIMSA than for SJT.
为什么选民寻求改变政治格局或维持现状？系统正当性理论（SJT）提出，一种支持现有秩序的独立系统动机推动了对现状的支持，并且这种动机独立于个人和集体利益而运作。但这种解释如何适用于近期政治秩序中的民粹主义转变，比如英国脱欧和唐纳德·特朗普的崛起？虽然系统动机在理解为什么通常的进步派（留欧派/希拉里选民）可能想坚持既定秩序方面似乎有用，但它似乎不足以解释为什么更保守的选民（脱欧派/特朗普选民）想要颠覆现有体制。因此，我们将SJT对政治分歧双方选民系统态度的系统动机解释，与从更新的系统态度社会认同模型（SIMSA）得出的另一种解释进行了比较。根据SIMSA，从SJT的系统动机角度难以解释脱欧派/特朗普选民和留欧派/希拉里选民的系统态度，这一难题可以通过转而关注双方阵营试图通过投票来满足的需求来解决。我们在2016年英国脱欧（样本量 = 313）和特朗普当选（样本量 = 289）后不久进行的两项研究中检验了这些解释，结果对SIMSA的支持比对SJT的支持更多。
