Monzani Lucas, Mateu Guillermo, Hernandez Bark Alina S, Martínez Villavicencio José
Ivey Business School, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
Department of Finance, Law and Control, Burgundy School of Business, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CEREN, EA 7477, Dijon, France.
Front Psychol. 2021 Nov 16;12:760258. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.760258. eCollection 2021.
What drives entrepreneurs to engage in antisocial economic behaviors? Without dismissing entrepreneurs' agency in their decision-making processes, our study aims to answer this question by proposing that antisocial economic behaviors are a dysfunctional coping mechanism to reduce the psychological tension that entrepreneurs face in their day-to-day activities. Further, given the overlap between the male gender role stereotype and both leader and entrepreneur role stereotypes, this psychological tension should be stronger in female entrepreneurs (or any person who identifies with the female gender role). We argue that besides the well-established female gender role - leader role incongruence, female entrepreneurs also suffer a female gender role - entrepreneur role incongruence. Thus, we predicted that men (or those identifying with the male gender role) or entrepreneurs (regardless of their gender identity) that embrace these roles stereotypes to an extreme, are more likely to engage in antisocial economic behaviors. In this context, the term antisocial economic behaviors refers to cheating or trying to harm competitors' businesses. Finally, we predicted that embracing an authentic leadership style might mitigate this effect. We tested our predictions in two laboratory studies (Phase 1 and 2). For Phase 1 we recruited a sample of French Business school students ( = 82). For Phase 2 we recruited a sample of Costa Rican male and female entrepreneurs, using male and female managers as reference groups ( = 64). Our results show that authentic leadership reduced the likelihood of entrepreneurs and men of engaging in antisocial economic behaviors such as trying to harm one's competition or seeking an unfair advantage.
是什么驱使企业家从事反社会经济行为？在不忽视企业家在决策过程中的能动性的情况下，我们的研究旨在通过提出反社会经济行为是一种功能失调的应对机制来缓解企业家在日常活动中面临的心理压力，以此来回答这个问题。此外，鉴于男性性别角色刻板印象与领导者和企业家角色刻板印象之间存在重叠，这种心理压力在女性企业家（或任何认同女性性别角色的人）身上应该更强。我们认为，除了已被充分证实的女性性别角色与领导者角色的不一致之外，女性企业家还遭受女性性别角色与企业家角色的不一致。因此，我们预测，那些极端接受这些角色刻板印象的男性（或认同男性性别角色的人）或企业家（无论其性别认同如何）更有可能从事反社会经济行为。在此背景下，反社会经济行为一词指的是欺骗或试图损害竞争对手的业务。最后，我们预测采用真实的领导风格可能会减轻这种影响。我们在两项实验室研究（第1阶段和第2阶段）中检验了我们的预测。在第1阶段，我们招募了一组法国商学院学生样本（n = 82）。在第2阶段，我们招募了一组哥斯达黎加男女企业家样本，以男性和女性经理作为参照组（n = 64）。我们的结果表明，真实的领导风格降低了企业家和男性从事反社会经济行为的可能性，比如试图损害竞争对手或寻求不公平优势。
