Choi Kwon-Young
Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.
Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021 Nov 16;9:765110. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.765110. eCollection 2021.
Melanin is one of the most abundant pigments found in the biosphere. Owing to its high biocompatibility and diverse biological activities, it has been widely applied as a functional biomaterial in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, biopolymer, and environmental fields. In this study, the production of melanin was comprehensively reviewed concerning bioconversion and isolation processes. First, several melanogenic microbes, including fungi and bacteria, were summarized. Melanin production was classified by host and melanin type and was analyzed by titers in g/L in addition to reaction conditions, including pH and temperature. The production was further interpreted using a space-time yields chart, which showed two distinct classifications in productivity, and reaction conditions were analyzed using a pH-temperature-titer chart. Next, the extraction process was summarized by crude and pure melanin preparation procedures, and the extraction yields were highlighted. Finally, the recent applications of melanin were briefly summarized, and prospects for further application and development in industrial applications were suggested.
黑色素是生物圈中含量最为丰富的色素之一。由于其具有高度的生物相容性和多样的生物活性，它已作为一种功能性生物材料广泛应用于化妆品、制药、生物聚合物和环境领域。在本研究中，对黑色素的生产过程，包括生物转化和分离过程进行了全面综述。首先，总结了几种产黑色素的微生物，包括真菌和细菌。黑色素的生产按宿主和黑色素类型进行分类，并除了通过反应条件（包括pH值和温度）外，还以克/升的滴度进行分析。利用时空产率图对生产情况进行了进一步阐释，该图显示了生产率的两种不同分类，并用pH-温度-滴度图对反应条件进行了分析。接下来，通过粗黑色素和纯黑色素的制备程序对提取过程进行了总结，并突出了提取产率。最后，简要总结了黑色素的近期应用，并对其在工业应用中的进一步应用和发展前景提出了建议。
