Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 St., Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil 81350-010.
Paraná Institute of Molecular Biology, Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 St., Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil 81350-010.
Anal Chem. 2022 Jan 11;94(1):41-58. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04460. Epub 2021 Dec 6.
Rapid and low-cost molecular analysis is especially required for early and specific diagnostics, quick decision-making, and sparing patients from unnecessary tests and hospitals from extra costs. One way to achieve this objective is through automated molecular diagnostic devices. Thus, sample-to-answer microfluidic devices are emerging with the promise of delivering a complete molecular diagnosis system that includes nucleic acid extraction, amplification, and detection steps in a single device. The biggest issue in such equipment is the extraction process, which is normally laborious and time-consuming but extremely important for sensitive and specific detection. Therefore, this Review focuses on automated or semiautomated extraction methodologies used in lab-on-a-chip devices. More than 15 different extraction methods developed over the past 10 years have been analyzed in terms of their advantages and disadvantages to improve extraction procedures in future studies. Herein, we are able to explain the high applicability of the extraction methodologies due to the large variety of samples in which different techniques were employed, showing that their applications are not limited to medical diagnosis. Moreover, we are able to conclude that further research in the field would be beneficial because the methodologies presented can be affordable, portable, time efficient, and easily manipulated, all of which are strong qualities for point-of-care technologies.
快速且低成本的分子分析对于早期、特异性诊断、快速决策非常重要，还可以避免患者接受不必要的检查，为医院节省额外的费用。实现这一目标的一种方法是通过自动化分子诊断设备。因此，样本文库到答案的微流控装置应运而生，有望提供一个完整的分子诊断系统，包括在单个设备中进行核酸提取、扩增和检测步骤。此类设备的最大问题是提取过程，通常既费力又耗时，但对于敏感和特异性检测又极为重要。因此，本综述重点关注在芯片实验室设备中使用的自动化或半自动提取方法。在过去 10 年中开发的超过 15 种不同的提取方法在其优缺点方面进行了分析，以改进未来研究中的提取程序。在此，我们能够解释由于采用了不同技术的大量不同样本，提取方法具有很高的适用性，表明其应用不仅限于医学诊断。此外，我们能够得出结论，该领域的进一步研究将是有益的，因为所提出的方法可以负担得起、便携、高效且易于操作，所有这些都是即时检测技术的强大特性。
