Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
Psychother Res. 2022 Jul;32(6):763-777. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2021.2009929. Epub 2021 Dec 6.
: A growing body of empirical evidence suggests that psychotherapy is more effective when therapists tailor interventions to fit their specific clients' needs, a concept referred to as in the psychotherapy literature. However, the question of how therapists learn to become responsive rarely has been examined.
: The central question of this study, put to eleven graduate student therapist trainees, was, "How did you learn to be responsive to clients as a novice therapist, and in what ways have you become responsive?" A critical-constructivist grounded theory method was employed to generate themes from trainees' replies.
: The analysis showed that trainees learned to improve their responsiveness to clients by: (1) becoming more aware of cues that signaled the need to adapt interventions (as related to psychotherapy change processes, client-therapist relational dynamics, clients' identities and cultural contexts, and the maximizing of clients' agency); (2) developing attunement to their own emotions and engaging in self-care; and (3) adopting mindsets that facilitated their trying new relational or therapy approaches while also maintaining professionalism.
Based upon these findings, preliminary suggestions for responsiveness training are presented to guide programs that wish to train responsive psychotherapists .
越来越多的经验证据表明，当治疗师根据特定客户的需求调整干预措施时，心理治疗更有效，这一概念在心理治疗文献中被称为“个性化治疗”。然而，治疗师如何学会变得有反应的问题很少被研究。
本研究的核心问题是向十一名研究生治疗师学员提出的，“作为一名新手治疗师，你是如何学会对客户做出反应的，以及你在哪些方面变得有反应？”采用批判性建构主义扎根理论方法，从学员的回答中生成主题。
分析表明，学员通过以下方式学会提高对客户的反应能力：（1）更加意识到需要调整干预措施的信号（与心理治疗变化过程、医患关系动态、客户身份和文化背景以及最大限度地提高客户代理有关）；（2）培养对自己情绪的共鸣并进行自我保健；（3）采用心态，促进他们尝试新的关系或治疗方法，同时保持专业性。
基于这些发现，提出了响应性培训的初步建议，以指导希望培训响应性心理治疗师的项目。
