Environment Protection Agency, Brooksfield, Sierra Leone.
Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2021 Dec;173(Pt A):113040. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113040. Epub 2021 Oct 13.
This study was carried out to provide baseline information on the concentrations of pharmaceuticals in Kuwait's coastal waters. Samples were collected over four sampling campaigns from various outfalls that occasionally discharged water into the marine environment and analyzed for a range of pharmaceuticals including analgesic/anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, anticoagulant, antidiabetic, antihelmintics, antihypertensives, antiplatelet agent, asthma medication, β-blocking agent, calcium channel blocker, diuretic, histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonist, lipid regulators/cholesterol-lowering, prostatic hyperplasia, psychiatric drug, sedation and muscle relaxant, synthetic glucocorticoid, tranquilizer and x-ray contrast media. The levels varied between the detection limits of the method and a maximum of 28,183 ng/L for analgesics/anti-inflammatories. The highest pharmaceutical concentrations were in samples collected during the September campaign, possibly linked to the increased prescription of these medications to treat infectious diseases and flu prevalent in Kuwait during the winter months. The spatial variation is concentration is evident with KISR site being most polluted as hospital wastewater is discharged at the site. This study provides the first dataset on the concentrations of pharmaceuticals in the seawater in Kuwait and possibly the wider Arabian Gulf. Kuwait's coastal water pharmaceutical concentrations derived from this study exceed those reported from the Spanish coast, the Hong Kong harbour, the Bohai and the Yellow seas. More studies are needed to evaluate the environmental impact that these residues may have on non-target organisms.
本研究旨在提供科威特沿海水域药物浓度的基线信息。在四个采样活动中，从偶尔向海洋环境排放水的各种排水口采集了样本，并对包括镇痛药/消炎药、抗生素、抗凝剂、抗糖尿病药、驱虫药、降压药、抗血小板药、哮喘药物、β受体阻滞剂、钙通道阻滞剂、利尿剂、组胺 H1 和 H2 受体拮抗剂、脂质调节剂/降胆固醇药、前列腺增生药、精神药物、镇静剂和肌肉松弛剂、合成糖皮质激素、安定剂和 X 射线造影剂在内的一系列药物进行了分析。这些水平在方法的检测限之间变化，镇痛药/消炎药的最高浓度为 28183ng/L。在 9 月采样活动中采集的样本中药物浓度最高，这可能与冬季科威特流行的传染病和流感增加了这些药物的处方有关。空间浓度变化明显，KISR 站点污染最严重，因为医院废水在该站点排放。本研究提供了科威特海水中药物浓度的首个数据集，可能还有更广泛的阿拉伯海湾。本研究中得出的科威特沿海水域药物浓度高于西班牙海岸、香港港口、渤海和黄海的报告浓度。需要进一步研究来评估这些残留物对非目标生物可能产生的环境影响。
