Jechow Andreas, Schreck Günther, Kyba Christopher C M, Berger Stella A, Bistarelli Lukas Thuile, Bodenlos Matthias, Gessner Mark O, Grossart Hans-Peter, Kupprat Franziska, Nejstgaard Jens C, Pansch Andreas, Penske Armin, Sachtleben Michael, Shatwell Tom, Singer Gabriel A, Stephan Susanne, Walles Tim J W, Wollrab Sabine, Zielinska-Dabkowska Karolina M, Hölker Franz
Department of Ecohydrology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Alte Fischerhütte 2, 16775, Stechlin, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2021 Dec 6;11(1):23478. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02772-4.
Light pollution is an environmental stressor of global extent that is growing exponentially in area and intensity. Artificial skyglow, a form of light pollution with large range, is hypothesized to have environmental impact at ecosystem level. However, testing the impact of skyglow at large scales and in a controlled fashion under in situ conditions has remained elusive so far. Here we present the first experimental setup to mimic skyglow at ecosystem level outdoors in an aquatic environment. Spatially diffuse and homogeneous surface illumination that is adjustable between 0.01 and 10 lx, resembling rural to urban skyglow levels, was achieved with white light-emitting diodes at a large-scale lake enclosure facility. The illumination system was enabled by optical modeling with Monte-Carlo raytracing and validated by measurements. Our method can be adapted to other outdoor and indoor skyglow experiments, urgently needed to understand the impact of skyglow on ecosystems.
光污染是一种全球性的环境压力源，其面积和强度正呈指数级增长。人工天空光作为一种大范围的光污染形式，被认为会对生态系统层面产生环境影响。然而，迄今为止，在原位条件下大规模且以可控方式测试天空光的影响仍然难以实现。在此，我们展示了首个在水生环境户外模拟生态系统层面天空光的实验装置。在一个大型湖泊围隔设施中，通过白色发光二极管实现了空间漫射且均匀的表面光照，其强度可在0.01至10勒克斯之间调节，类似于从农村到城市的天空光水平。该照明系统通过蒙特卡洛光线追踪的光学建模得以实现，并经过测量验证。我们的方法可适用于其他户外和室内天空光实验，这对于理解天空光对生态系统的影响至关重要。
