Bottalico Lucrezia, Charitos Ioannis Alexandros, Potenza Maria Assunta, Montagnani Monica, Santacroce Luigi
Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies (Cediclo), University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Emergency/Urgent Department, National Poisoning Center, Riuniti University Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2022 May;20(5):681-706. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2013809. Epub 2021 Dec 22.
The human defense against microorganisms dates back to the ancient civilizations, with attempts to use substances from vegetal, animal, or inorganic origin to fight infections. Today, the emerging threat of multidrug-resistant bacteria highlights the consequences of antibiotics inappropriate use, and the urgent need for novel effective molecules.
We extensively researched on more recent data within PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Elsevier's EMBASE, Cochrane Review for the modern pharmacology in between 1987 - 2021. The historical evolution included a detailed analysis of past studies on the significance of medical applications in the ancient therapeutic field.
We examined the history of antibiotics development and discovery, the most relevant biochemical aspects of their mode of action, and the biomolecular mechanisms conferring bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
The list of pathogens showing low sensitivity or full resistance to most currently available antibiotics is growing worldwide. Long after the 'golden age' of antibiotic discovery, the most novel molecules should be carefully reserved to treat serious bacterial infections of susceptible bacteria. A correct diagnostic and therapeutic procedure can slow down the spreading of nosocomial and community infections sustained by multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.
人类对抗微生物的历史可以追溯到古代文明时期，当时人们就尝试使用植物、动物或无机来源的物质来对抗感染。如今，多重耐药细菌带来的新威胁凸显了抗生素不当使用的后果，以及对新型有效分子的迫切需求。
我们在PubMed、Medline、科学网、爱思唯尔的EMBASE以及Cochrane综述中广泛研究了1987年至2021年间有关现代药理学的最新数据。历史演变包括对古代治疗领域医学应用意义的过往研究进行详细分析。
我们研究了抗生素的研发与发现历史、其作用方式中最相关的生化方面，以及赋予细菌抗生素抗性的生物分子机制。
在全球范围内，对大多数现有抗生素敏感性较低或完全耐药的病原体名单正在不断增加。在抗生素发现的“黄金时代”过去很久之后，最新型的分子应谨慎保留用于治疗易感细菌的严重细菌感染。正确的诊断和治疗程序可以减缓由多重耐药菌株引发的医院感染和社区感染的传播。
