Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70124, Italy.
Maugeri Clinical Scientific Research Institutes (IRCCS) of Pavia - Division of Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Scientific Institute of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy.
World J Gastroenterol. 2023 Jul 28;29(28):4368-4383. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i28.4368.
The human intestine is a natural environment ecosystem of a complex of diversified and dynamic microorganisms, determined through a process of competition and natural selection during life. Those intestinal microorganisms called microbiota and are involved in a variety of mechanisms of the organism, they interact with the host and therefore are in contact with the organs of the various systems. However, they play a crucial role in maintaining host homeostasis, also influencing its behaviour. Thus, microorganisms perform a series of biological functions important for human well-being. The host provides the microorganisms with the environment and nutrients, simultaneously drawing many benefits such as their contribution to metabolic, trophic, immunological, and other functions. For these reasons it has been reported that its quantitative and qualitative composition can play a protective or harmful role on the host health. Therefore, a dysbiosis can lead to an association of unfavourable factors which lead to a dysregulation of the physiological processes of homeostasis. Thus, it has pre-viously noted that the gut microbiota can participate in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, chronic intestinal inflammation, diabetes mellitus, obesity and atherosclerosis, neurological disorders ( neurological diseases, autism, ) colorectal cancer, and more.
人类肠道是一个复杂的多样化和动态微生物的自然环境生态系统，是通过生命过程中的竞争和自然选择来确定的。这些肠道微生物被称为微生物群，它们参与了生物体的多种机制，与宿主相互作用，因此与各个系统的器官接触。然而，它们在维持宿主内稳态方面起着至关重要的作用，也影响着宿主的行为。因此，微生物执行着一系列对人类健康至关重要的生物学功能。宿主为微生物提供环境和营养，同时获得许多益处，例如它们对代谢、营养、免疫和其他功能的贡献。由于这些原因，据报道，其数量和质量组成可以对宿主健康发挥保护或有害作用。因此，肠道菌群失调可能导致一系列不利因素的关联，从而导致内稳态生理过程的失调。因此，此前已经注意到肠道微生物群可能参与自身免疫性疾病、慢性肠道炎症、糖尿病、肥胖和动脉粥样硬化、神经障碍（神经疾病、自闭症等）、结直肠癌等疾病的发病机制。
