School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Australian College of Mental Health Nurses, Clayton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2022 Aug;29(4):529-543. doi: 10.1111/jpm.12812. Epub 2021 Dec 28.
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Compassion fatigue is the result of the unique stressors inherent in caregiving work, leading to a loss of compassion in clinical practice that may result in negative outcomes for mental healthcare consumers. Compassion fatigue has clear emotional and physical costs and significant impacts on staff recruitment and retention. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This review is the first to evaluate the quantitative literature on compassion fatigue in mental health nurses. Research on compassion fatigue in mental health nurses does not accurately account for the unique care relationship between nurse and consumer. Competency-based education, strong mental health nurse leadership, positive organizational cultures, clinical supervision and reflection alongside individual self-care strategies may mitigate compassion fatigue. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE PRACTICE?: Resources are urgently needed for education and workforce development that addresses compassion fatigue in mental health nurses. Interventions addressing the physical, cognitive and emotional demands of care work are needed to ensure mental health nurses have the capability to provide sustainable compassionate care to consumers. ABSTRACT: Introduction Although compassionate care is an essential component of mental health nursing, understandings of the impact of compassion fatigue is poorly understood. Aims/Questions To examine and synthesize available data on the prevalence of compassion fatigue within mental health nurses and consider what variables impact compassion fatigue. Method A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Emcare, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and grey literature for articles published between 1992 and February 2021 was conducted. Data were extracted from articles meeting inclusion criteria and integrated using narrative synthesis. Results Twelve articles were included. Prevalence of compassion fatigue ranged from low to high. Variables were identified that may mitigate the risk of compassion fatigue. Strong leadership and positive workplace cultures, clinical supervision, reflection, self-care and personal well-being may protect mental health nurses against compassion fatigue. Discussion Future research is needed on mental health nurses lived experience of compassion fatigue and their understandings of compassion. Implications for Practice Interventions should focus on increasing awareness of compassion fatigue and building individual and organizational resilience. Both organizations and individuals should be aware of the role they play in maintaining the capacity and capability for mental health nurses to provide sustainable and compassionate mental healthcare.
职业压力是护理工作固有的独特压力源导致的结果，可能导致临床实践中同情心丧失，从而对精神卫生保健消费者产生负面影响。职业耗竭会带来明显的情绪和身体成本，对员工招募和留用产生重大影响。本文的创新点：这是首次评估精神科护士职业耗竭的定量文献。关于精神科护士职业耗竭的研究并未准确考虑到护士和患者之间独特的护理关系。基于能力的教育、强大的精神科护士领导力、积极的组织文化、临床监督和反思，以及个人自我保健策略，可能会减轻职业耗竭。对未来实践的意义：迫切需要资源来进行教育和劳动力开发，以解决精神科护士的职业耗竭问题。需要干预措施来应对护理工作的身体、认知和情绪需求，以确保精神科护士有能力为消费者提供可持续的关怀。引言：虽然关怀护理是精神科护理的重要组成部分，但对职业耗竭的影响却知之甚少。目的/问题：检查和综合可用数据，了解职业耗竭在精神科护士中的普遍程度，并考虑哪些变量会影响职业耗竭。方法：对 1992 年至 2021 年 2 月期间发表的 MEDLINE、EMBASE、PsychINFO、Emcare、Web of Science、Scopus、CINAHL 和灰色文献中的文章进行了搜索。从符合纳入标准的文章中提取数据，并使用叙述性综合法进行综合。结果：共纳入 12 篇文章。职业耗竭的患病率从低到高不等。确定了可能降低职业耗竭风险的变量。强大的领导力和积极的工作场所文化、临床监督、反思、自我保健和个人幸福感可能会保护精神科护士免受职业耗竭的影响。讨论：需要对精神科护士职业耗竭的真实体验及其对职业耗竭的理解进行进一步研究。对实践的影响：干预措施应侧重于提高对职业耗竭的认识和建立个人及组织的恢复力。组织和个人都应该意识到他们在维持精神科护士提供可持续和富有同情心的精神卫生保健的能力和能力方面所扮演的角色。
