Koehler Ulrich, Beutel Björn, Hildebrandt Wulf
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2021 Dec;146(24-25):1593-1597. doi: 10.1055/a-1467-9256. Epub 2021 Dec 8.
Salerno in southern Italy is regarded as the birthplace of modern European university medicine. A practical and scientifically oriented medical discipline developed from monastic and monastery medicine. The Salernitan school, which considered itself as "Civitas Hippocratica", was based initially on the traditions of Hippocrates, the Alexandrian doctors and Galen. In the 11 century a new era began with Constantinus Africanus, who translated the scripts of Greco-Arabic medicine into Latin. By the 12 century, nearly the entire literature by Aristotle, Hippocrates, Galen, Avicenna and Rhazes was available in Latin. Salerno became an important medical training centre - for women and men - with a fixed course curriculum and provided a public health system. Medical training was firmly established under Emperor Friedrich II who placed it under state supervision.
意大利南部的萨勒诺被视为现代欧洲大学医学的发源地。一门实用且以科学为导向的医学学科从修道院医学发展而来。自认为是“希波克拉底之城”的萨勒诺学派最初基于希波克拉底、亚历山大里亚医生以及盖伦的传统。11世纪，随着非洲人康斯坦丁努斯将希腊 - 阿拉伯医学著作翻译成拉丁文，一个新时代开始了。到12世纪，亚里士多德、希波克拉底、盖伦、阿维森纳和拉齐斯的几乎全部文献都有了拉丁文译本。萨勒诺成为了一个重要的医学培训中心——面向男性和女性——拥有固定的课程设置，并提供公共卫生系统。在腓特烈二世皇帝将医学培训置于国家监管之下后，医学培训得以稳固确立。
