Diabetes Care. 2021 Dec 8;45(5):1038-45. doi: 10.2337/dc21-1071.
OBJECTIVE: To assess pregnancy outcomes in young women with youth-onset type 2 diabetes followed in the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Pregnancy information (outcome and any maternal or fetal complications) was obtained from the female participants by self-report. Additionally, medical records for the pregnancy and the child's neonatal course were obtained with data abstracted into standardized forms. RESULTS: Over a maximum of 15 years, 260 pregnancies were reported by 141 women (aged 21.5 ± 3.2 years, BMI 35.6 ± 7.2 kg/m, and diabetes duration 8.1 ± 3.2 years). Contraception use prior to pregnancy was reported by 13.5% of the women. Complications were reported by 65% of the women during their pregnancy. Pregnancy loss was observed in 25.3% and preterm birth in 32.6% of pregnancies. HbA ≥8% was observed in 31.9% of the pregnancies, and 35% of the pregnancies were complicated by chronic hypertension. Nephropathy prior to pregnancy was observed in 25% of the women. In the offspring, 7.8% were classified as small for gestational age, 26.8% large for gestational age, and 17.9% in the macrosomic range. CONCLUSIONS: Based on observations from the TODAY cohort, young women with pregestational, youth-onset type 2 diabetes had very high rates of maternal complications stemming from significant socioeconomic disadvantage. The substantial maternal and infant complications seen in these young moms could potentially be avoided with improved contraception rates and reproductive planning.
目的:在青少年及青年2型糖尿病治疗选择(TODAY)研究中,评估青年期发病的2型糖尿病年轻女性的妊娠结局。 研究设计与方法:通过自我报告从女性参与者处获取妊娠信息(结局以及任何母体或胎儿并发症)。此外,获取妊娠及儿童新生儿病程的医疗记录,并将数据摘要录入标准化表格。 结果:在最长15年的时间里,141名女性(年龄21.5±3.2岁,体重指数35.6±7.2kg/m²,糖尿病病程8.1±3.2年)报告了260次妊娠。13.5%的女性报告在妊娠前使用了避孕措施。65%的女性在孕期报告有并发症。25.3%的妊娠出现流产,32.6%的妊娠出现早产。31.9%的妊娠糖化血红蛋白≥8%,35%的妊娠合并慢性高血压。25%的女性在妊娠前患有肾病。在后代中,7.8%被归类为小于胎龄儿,26.8%为大于胎龄儿,17.9%为巨大儿。 结论:基于TODAY队列的观察结果,孕前青年期发病的2型糖尿病年轻女性因显著的社会经济劣势而出现母体并发症的发生率非常高。通过提高避孕率和生殖规划,有可能避免这些年轻母亲出现大量的母婴并发症。
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