Altered Resting-State Electroencephalography Microstates in Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy: A Prospective Case-Control Study.

Idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) involves aberrant organization and functioning of large-scale brain networks. This study aims to investigate whether the resting-state EEG microstate analysis could provide novel insights into the abnormal temporal and spatial properties of intrinsic brain activities in patients with IGE. Three groups of participants were chosen for this study (namely IGE-Seizure, IGE-Seizure Free, and Healthy Controls). EEG microstate analysis on the resting-state EEG datasets was conducted for all participants. The average duration ("Duration"), the average number of microstates per second ("Frequency"), as well as the percentage of total analysis time occupied in that state ("Coverage") of the EEG microstate were compared among the three groups. For microstate classes B and D, the differences in Duration, Frequency, and Coverage among the three groups were not statistically significant. Both Frequency and Coverage of microstate class A were statistically significantly larger in the IGE-Seizure group than in the other two groups. The Duration and Coverage of microstate class C were statistically significantly smaller in the IGE-Seizure group than those in the other two groups. The Microstate class A was regarded as a sensorimotor network and Microstate class C was mainly related to the salience network, this study indicated an altered sensorimotor and salience network in patients with IGE, especially in those who had experienced seizures in the past 2 years, while the visual and attention networks seemed to be intact. The temporal dynamics of resting-state networks were studied through EEG microstate analysis in patients with IGE, which is expected to generate indices that could be utilized in clinical researches of epilepsy.