Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
DNA Repair (Amst). 2022 Jan;109:103211. doi: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103211. Epub 2021 Aug 13.
The genomic DNA is constantly under attack by cellular and/or environmental factors. Fortunately, the cell is armed to safeguard its genome by various mechanisms such as nucleotide excision, base excision, mismatch and DNA double-strand break repairs. While these processes maintain the integrity of the genome throughout, DNA repair occurs preferentially faster at the transcriptionally active genes. Such transcription-coupled repair phenomenon plays important roles to maintain active genome integrity, failure of which would interfere with transcription, leading to an altered gene expression (and hence cellular pathologies/diseases). Among the various DNA damages, DNA double-strand breaks are quite toxic to the cells. If DNA double-strand break occurs at the active gene, it would interfere with transcription/gene expression, thus threatening cellular viability. Such DNA double-strand breaks are found to be repaired faster at the active gene in comparison to its inactive state or the inactive gene, thus supporting the existence of a new phenomenon of transcription-coupled DNA double-strand break repair. Here, we describe the advances of this repair process.
基因组 DNA 不断受到细胞和/或环境因素的攻击。幸运的是，细胞通过各种机制（如核苷酸切除、碱基切除、错配和 DNA 双链断裂修复）来保护其基因组的完整性。虽然这些过程在整个过程中都保持了基因组的完整性，但在转录活跃的基因中，DNA 修复发生得更快。这种转录偶联修复现象对于维持活跃的基因组完整性起着重要作用，如果失败，会干扰转录，导致基因表达改变（从而导致细胞病变/疾病）。在各种 DNA 损伤中，DNA 双链断裂对细胞非常有毒。如果 DNA 双链断裂发生在活跃的基因上，它会干扰转录/基因表达，从而威胁到细胞的活力。与非活跃状态或非活跃基因相比，在活跃基因上发现 DNA 双链断裂修复得更快，从而支持转录偶联 DNA 双链断裂修复这一新型现象的存在。在这里，我们描述了这个修复过程的进展。
