天然药物治疗良性前列腺增生。
Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Natural Drugs.
机构信息
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
出版信息
Molecules. 2021 Nov 25;26(23):7141. doi: 10.3390/molecules26237141.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common urinary diseases affecting men, generally after the age of 50. The prevalence of this multifactorial disease increases with age. With aging, the plasma level of testosterone decreases, as well as the testosterone/estrogen ratio, resulting in increased estrogen activity, which may facilitate the hyperplasia of the prostate cells. Another theory focuses on dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and the activity of the enzyme 5α-reductase, which converts testosterone to DHT. In older men, the activity of this enzyme increases, leading to a decreased testosterone/DHT ratio. DHT may promote prostate cell growth, resulting in hyperplasia. Some medicinal plants and their compounds act by modulating this enzyme, and have the above-mentioned targets. This review focuses on herbal drugs that are most widely used in the treatment of BPH, including pumpkin seed, willow herb, tomato, maritime pine bark, Pygeum africanum bark, rye pollen, saw palmetto fruit, and nettle root, highlighting the latest results of preclinical and clinical studies, as well as safety issues. In addition, the pharmaceutical care and other therapeutic options of BPH, including pharmacotherapy and surgical options, are discussed, summarizing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each therapy.
良性前列腺增生症(BPH)是影响男性的最常见泌尿系统疾病之一,通常发生在 50 岁以后。这种多因素疾病的患病率随年龄增长而增加。随着年龄的增长,血浆中睾丸激素水平下降,以及睾丸激素/雌激素的比例降低,导致雌激素活性增加,这可能促进前列腺细胞增生。另一种理论侧重于二氢睾酮(DHT)和 5α-还原酶的活性,该酶将睾丸激素转化为 DHT。在老年男性中,这种酶的活性增加,导致睾丸激素/DHT 比例降低。DHT 可能促进前列腺细胞生长,导致增生。一些药用植物及其化合物通过调节这种酶起作用,具有上述靶点。本综述重点介绍了最常用于治疗 BPH 的草药药物,包括南瓜籽、柳树皮、番茄、马尾松皮、非洲臀果木树皮、黑麦花粉、锯棕榈果实和荨麻根,强调了临床前和临床研究的最新结果以及安全问题。此外,还讨论了 BPH 的药物治疗和其他治疗选择,包括药物治疗和手术选择,总结并比较了每种治疗方法的优缺点。