Quiroga-Padilla Pedro J, Gaete Paula V, Nieves-Barreto Luz D, Montaño Angélica, Betancourt Eddy C, Mendivil Carlos O
Universidad de los Andes, School of Medicine, Bogotá, Colombia.
Team Foods Colombia.
Public Health Nutr. 2021 Dec 10;25(10):1-30. doi: 10.1017/S1368980021004778.
To explore the influence of socioeconomic position on habitual dietary intake in Colombian cities.
We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study in five Colombian cities. Dietary intake was assessed with a 157-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire previously developed for the Colombian population. Nutrient analysis was performed using national and international food composition tables. Socioeconomic position was assessed with two indicators: a government-defined, asset-based, household-level index called socioeconomic stratum (SES) and, among adults, highest educational level attained.
The five main urban centers of Colombia: Bogotá, Medellin, Barranquilla, Cali and Bucaramanga.
Probabilistic, multistage sample of 1865 participants (n=1491 for analyses on education).
For both sexes, increasing SES was associated with a lower consumption of energy (p-trend <0.001 in both sexes), carbohydrates (p-trend ˂0.001 in both sexes), sodium (p-trend=0.005 in males, <0.001 in females), saturated fatty acids (p-trend <0.001 in both sexes) and among females, cholesterol (p-trend=0.002). More educated men consumed significantly less energy and carbohydrates (p-trend=0.036 and ˂0.001, respectively). Among men, intake of trans fats increased monotonically with educational level, being 21% higher among college graduates relative to those with only elementary education (p-trend=0.023). Among women, higher educational level was associated with higher MUFA intake (p-trend=0.027).
SES and educational level are strong correlates of the usual diet of urban Colombians. Economically deprived and less educated segments of society display dietary habits that make them vulnerable to chronic diseases and should be the primary target of public health nutrition policies.
探讨社会经济地位对哥伦比亚城市居民习惯性饮食摄入的影响。
我们在哥伦比亚的五个城市开展了一项基于人群的横断面研究。饮食摄入情况通过一份先前为哥伦比亚人群编制的包含157个条目的半定量食物频率问卷进行评估。营养分析采用国家和国际食物成分表。社会经济地位通过两个指标进行评估：一个由政府定义的、基于资产的家庭层面指数，称为社会经济阶层（SES），以及成年人的最高受教育程度。
哥伦比亚的五个主要城市中心：波哥大、麦德林、巴兰基亚、卡利和布卡拉曼加。
1865名参与者的概率性多阶段样本（分析教育程度时n = 1491）。
对于男性和女性，SES的提高均与能量（男女p趋势均<0.001）、碳水化合物（男女p趋势均˂0.001）、钠（男性p趋势 = 0.005，女性<0.001）、饱和脂肪酸（男女p趋势均<0.001）的摄入量降低相关，并且对于女性而言，还与胆固醇摄入量降低相关（p趋势 = 0.002）。受教育程度较高的男性摄入的能量和碳水化合物显著更少（p趋势分别为0.036和˂0.001）。在男性中，反式脂肪的摄入量随教育程度单调增加，大学毕业生的摄入量比仅接受小学教育的人高21%（p趋势 = 0.023）。在女性中，较高的教育程度与较高的单不饱和脂肪酸摄入量相关（p趋势 = 0.027）。
SES和教育程度与哥伦比亚城市居民的日常饮食密切相关。社会中经济贫困和受教育程度较低的群体表现出使其易患慢性病的饮食习惯，应成为公共卫生营养政策的主要目标人群。
