School of Medicine, Los Andes University, Bogotá 110111, Colombia.
Team Foods, Carrera 11 # 84-09, Bogotá 110001, Colombia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 9;20(4):3057. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043057.
Calories from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) contribute to the development of noncommunicable diseases. There is limited knowledge of the intake of SSBs and their correlates in developing countries. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the consumption of multiple SSBs and their sociodemographic correlates in an urban adult population from Colombia, South America.
This was a probabilistic, population-level study of adults aged 18 to 75 from five cities representing different regions of Colombia. Dietary intake was assessed employing a 157-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire that inquired about intake over the last year. The consumption of regular soda, low-calorie soda, homemade and industrialized fruit juices, energy drinks, sport drinks, malt drinks and traditional sugar cane infusion ("") was analyzed for the total sample and subgroups defined by sociodemographic and clinical factors of interest.
The study included 1491 individuals (female: 54.2%, mean age: 45.3, overweight: 38.0%, obese: 23.3%). Sugary beverages contributed, on average, 287 Cal/d among women and 334 Cal/d among men, representing 8.9% of total daily calories (TDC). Women in the lowest SEL consumed 10.6% of their TDC from sugary drinks, as opposed to 6.6% for those in a high SEL. For men, this difference was not present ( for interaction = 0.039). Interestingly, a higher educational level correlated with a lower consumption of calories from sugary drinks only among men. Fruit juices were by far the main source of sugary drinks, and their consumption did not change sizably by sex and socioeconomic or educational level. Among women, there was a negative association between socioeconomic level (SEL) and consumption of regular soda, a 50% difference between extreme levels. The intake of low-calorie soda was much higher among men than women, and it more than tripled in the highest vs. lowest SEL among men. The consumption of energy drinks was heavily concentrated in men of low SEL.
Colombian urban adults obtain a considerable proportion of their calories from sugary drinks, especially vulnerable groups such as women with lower education. Given the recent acceleration of the obesity epidemic in Latin America, strategies to limit the intake of such liquid calories may provide important public health benefits.
糖饮料（SSB）中的卡路里会导致非传染性疾病的发生。在发展中国家，人们对 SSB 的摄入量及其相关因素知之甚少。因此，本研究旨在评估南美洲哥伦比亚五个城市的成年人群中 SSB 的摄入量及其与社会人口学的相关性。
这是一项概率性的、以人群为基础的研究，研究对象为年龄在 18 至 75 岁之间的成年人。饮食摄入量通过 157 项半定量食物频率问卷进行评估，调查对象为过去一年的摄入量。对普通苏打水、低热量苏打水、自制和工业化果汁、能量饮料、运动饮料、麦芽饮料和传统蔗糖汁（“aguapanela”）的摄入量进行了分析，总样本和根据社会人口学和临床因素定义的亚组均进行了分析。
本研究共纳入了 1491 名个体（女性：54.2%，平均年龄：45.3 岁，超重：38.0%，肥胖：23.3%）。女性和男性的含糖饮料平均分别贡献了 287 卡路里/天和 334 卡路里/天，占总日卡路里摄入量（TDC）的 8.9%。社会经济地位（SEL）最低的女性从含糖饮料中摄入的 TDC 占 10.6%，而 SEL 最高的女性则为 6.6%。但这种差异在男性中并不存在（ for 交互作用=0.039）。有趣的是，较高的教育水平与男性摄入的含糖饮料卡路里量较低相关，但仅在男性中存在这种相关性。果汁是含糖饮料的主要来源，其摄入量在性别和社会经济或教育水平方面没有明显变化。在女性中，社会经济地位（SEL）与普通苏打水的摄入量呈负相关，在极端水平之间存在 50%的差异。低热量苏打水的摄入量在男性中远远高于女性，在 SEL 最低和最高的男性之间增加了两倍多。能量饮料的摄入量主要集中在 SEL 较低的男性中。
哥伦比亚城市成年人群从含糖饮料中获得了相当大比例的卡路里，尤其是受教育程度较低的女性等弱势群体。鉴于拉丁美洲肥胖症的流行最近加速，限制此类液体卡路里摄入的策略可能会带来重要的公共卫生效益。
