JMM 档案：碳青霉烯类：一种广谱抗生素。
JMM Profile: Carbapenems: a broad-spectrum antibiotic.
机构信息
School of Chemistry, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham University, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
School of Life Sciences and National Biofilm Innovation Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham University, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
出版信息
J Med Microbiol. 2021 Dec;70(12). doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.001462.
Carbapenems are potent members of the β-lactam family that inhibit bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitors . They are highly effective against Gram-negative and Gram-positive drug-resistant infections . As such, carbapenems are typically reserved as an antibiotic of last resort. The WHO lists meropenem as an essential medicine. Nausea and vomiting are reported in ≤20% of carbapenem recipients, with 1.5% suffering seizures. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the βlactam ring is the main driver of clinical resistance. These enzymes can be classified as Class A, B and D. Classes A and D are serine βlactamases, whereas Class B rely on metal-mediated hydrolysis, typically through zinc.
碳青霉烯类是β-内酰胺类家族中的强效抑制剂，可抑制细菌细胞壁生物合成抑制剂。它们对革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性耐药感染具有高度有效性。因此，碳青霉烯类通常被保留为最后一线抗生素。世界卫生组织将美罗培南列为基本药物。报告称，接受碳青霉烯类药物治疗的患者中≤20%出现恶心和呕吐，1.5%的患者出现癫痫发作。β-内酰胺环的酶促水解是临床耐药的主要驱动因素。这些酶可以分为 A、B 和 D 类。A 类和 D 类是丝氨酸β-内酰胺酶，而 B 类依赖于金属介导的水解，通常通过锌。
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