School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fujian 350007, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fujian 350007, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Mar 15;812:152217. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152217. Epub 2021 Dec 7.
Viruses are extremely abundant and ubiquitous in soil, and significantly contribute to various terrestrial ecosystem processes such as biogeochemical nutrient cycling, microbiome regulation and community assembly, and host evolutionary dynamics. Despite their numerous dominance and functional importance, understanding soil viral ecology is a formidable challenge, because of the technological challenges to characterize the abundance, diversity and community compositions of viruses, and their interactions with other organisms in the complex soil environment. Viruses may engage in a myriad of biological interactions within soil food webs across a broad range of spatiotemporal scales and are exposed to various biotic and abiotic disturbances. Current studies on the soil viromes, however, often describe the complexity of their tremendous diversity, but lack of exploring their potential ecological roles. In this article, we summarized the major methods to decipher the ecology of soil viruses, discussed biotic and abiotic factors and global change factors that shape the diversity and composition of soil viromes, and the ecological roles of soil viruses. We also proposed a new framework to understand the ecological complexity of viruses from micro to macro ecosystem scales and to predict and unravel their activities in terrestrial ecosystems.
病毒在土壤中极为丰富和普遍存在，并显著促进了各种陆地生态系统过程，如生物地球化学养分循环、微生物组调节和群落组装以及宿主进化动态。尽管它们具有许多优势和功能重要性，但理解土壤病毒生态学是一个艰巨的挑战，因为要描述病毒的丰度、多样性和群落组成，以及它们在复杂土壤环境中与其他生物的相互作用，存在技术上的挑战。病毒可能在广泛的时空尺度上的土壤食物网中进行无数种生物相互作用，并暴露于各种生物和非生物干扰下。然而，目前关于土壤病毒组的研究往往描述了它们巨大多样性的复杂性，但缺乏对其潜在生态作用的探索。在本文中，我们总结了阐明土壤病毒生态学的主要方法，讨论了塑造土壤病毒组多样性和组成的生物和非生物因素以及全球变化因素，以及土壤病毒的生态作用。我们还提出了一个新的框架，以从微观到宏观生态系统尺度来理解病毒的生态复杂性，并预测和揭示它们在陆地生态系统中的活动。
